INDEX. 



525 



sionai scarcities in them, 88 — tlie 

 average population generally presses 

 hard against the limits of the average 

 food, 89. 

 Spain, wretched state of the poor in, ii. 



350. 

 Spartan discipline considered, i. 91. 

 Specie; old prejudices respecting, strik- 

 ingly resemble those on the subject 

 of population, ii. 237, 

 Speculation ; the laic rage for wide and 

 unrestrained, a kind of mental intoxi- 

 cation, ii. 17. 

 Spencean Syitem of equality, absurdity 



of, exposed, ii. 45, 46, note. 

 Spirits. See the article Distilleries 

 Spring loaded with a variable weight, 

 the generative faculty compared to, 

 i. 23, note. 

 Statistics; many parts of, to which liis- 

 tory miglit very usefully be made to 

 extend, i. 19 — 21. 

 Sterility of women, among the Ameri- 

 can Indians, accounted for, i. 37 — 

 40. 

 Steunrt, Sir James ; his plan of improv- 

 ing the condition of the poor, con- 

 sidered, ii. 374. 

 Stock ; the prolits of, will be high when 

 there is abundance of good land, and 

 no difficulties impede its purchase 

 and distribution ; and there is an 

 easy foreign ventfor its raw produce, 

 ii. 119. 

 Submission ; tlie measure of, to govern- 

 ment, ought to be determined by ge- 

 neral expediency, ii. 315, 316. 

 Subscriptions in aid of the poor will not 

 prevent a recurrence of distress, ii. 

 65—67. 

 Subsistence; the means of, the ultimate 

 regulator and check to the increase 

 of plants and animals, i. 3, 4 — can- 

 not be permanently increased faster 

 than in an arithmetical ratio, 6 — 10 

 — the want of, is the most efficient 

 cause of the immediate cliecks to 

 population, 519 — the general amount 

 of population regulated in this re- 

 spect by scarce seasons, and the re- 

 currence of unfavourable periods, 

 and not by plentiful or favourable 

 ones, 139 — countries arc populous 

 according to the quantity of Imnian 

 food which they produce or can ac- 

 quire, and happy according to the 

 liberality with which this food is 

 divided, 532. 

 Suffolk, proportion of its annual births 

 to its population, i. 411. 



Sunday schools, ii. 355. 



Surplus produce ; proportion of, regu- 

 lates the number of manufacturers, 

 merchants, proprietors, and persons 

 engaged in the various civil and 

 military professions, ii. 129. 



Sweden ; state of, with respect to the 

 checks to population, i. 277 — com- 

 parative efficacy of the preventive 

 and the positive checks, ib, — large 

 proportional mortality, 277, 278 — 

 cause of this, 279 — does not produce 

 food sufficient for its population, 

 280, 281 — aftected in a peculiar 

 manner bj' every variation of the 

 seasons, 282 — statement of average 

 mortality, 282, 283 — proportion of 

 yearly marriages, 283 — the popula- 

 tion of, is continually going beyond 

 the average increase of food, 284 — 

 the government and the political 

 economists of, are neverllieless in- 

 cessantly labouring to increase it 

 more rapidly, ib. — a supply beyond 

 the eff'ecti">l demand for labour 

 could only produce misery, 285 — 

 accusations against the national in- 

 dustry probably not well founded, 

 286 — the woods sometimes cleared 

 away too precipitately, without con- 

 sideration of the probable value of 

 the land when cleared, 287 — this 

 country might possibly have been 

 better peopled formerly than at pre- 

 sent, but the supposition not proba- 

 ble, 288 — political regulations im- 

 peding the progress of cultivation, 

 ib. — measures of the government for 

 the encouragement of population, 

 hospitals, &c. 289 — rendering the 

 commerce of grain free throughout 

 the interior, 290 — adoption of a law 

 limiting the number of persons to 

 each farm, 291 — absolute population 

 of the country ; recent increase, and 

 periodical checks, 291, 292 — pa- 

 tience with which the lower classes 

 bear the pressure of scarcity, 293, 

 294 — sickly seasons have in general 

 arisen from unwholesome nourish- 

 ment, occasioned by severe want, 

 295 — the general healthiness has 

 lately increased, ib. — proportion of 

 yearly births to the population, 296. 



impossibility, or certain destruc- 

 tive consequences, of establishing the 

 English system of poor-laws in this 

 country, ii. 347, 348. 



(1825), increased healthiness 



of, i. 296 — 298 — population, and 



