526 



INDEX. 



average annual deaths, ib, — average 

 annual births, 296, 297 — expectation 

 of life, 297 — yearly excess of births, 

 and period of doubling of the popu- 

 lation, 297, 298 — population and 

 births for various periods, 297 — 

 gradual diminution of mortality, 298 



Switzerland; state of, with respect to 

 the cliecks to population, i. 337 

 alarm which prevailed there some 

 years ago concerning its depopula- 

 tion, ib. — statistical paper published 

 at that time, exhibiting a continued 

 decrease of the births, 337, 338 — 

 this circumstance however not deci- 

 sive of a diminished population, 338 

 — the mortality in the last period 

 noticed extraordinarily small, and 

 the proportion of children reared to 

 puberty extraordinarily great, 338, 

 339 — prevalence of plagues in the 

 former periods, 339 — an actual in- 

 crease of population had probably 

 taken place, ib. — the diminution of 

 births not owing to the unfruitfulness 

 of the women, but to the operation 

 of the preventive check, 342 — 344 

 — limits to the population of a coun- 

 try strictly pastoral, 354 — effect of 

 the introduction of manufactures into 

 some of the smaller cantons, 356 — 

 natural excitement to emigration, 

 356, 357. 349— if the alleged de- 

 crease did really take place, it must 

 have improved the condition of the 

 lower classes of people, 357 — effects 

 of a redundant population seen in a 

 clear point of view by some of the 

 inhabitants of a particular district, 

 357' — 360 — regulations for the relief 

 of the poor, 360 — state of the poor 

 there, ii. 349 — agricultural improve- 

 ments, i. 361 — amount of the popu- 

 lation at different periods, ib. 



Syria ; state of, with respect to the 

 checks to population, i. 181 — 185. 

 See also the article Bedoweens. 



Tartars; state of, with respect to the 

 checks to population ; their general 

 manners, i. 120 — distribution of 

 them according to the quantity of 

 food, 122 — manners of the Maho- 

 metan Tartars, 123— of the Usbecks, 

 124 — the Casatshia tribe,l25 — other 

 tribes, 126 — general habits of the 

 Mahometan Tartars, 126, 127— 

 heathen Tartars ; the Kalmucks and 

 Moguls, 127, 128— Bedoweens, 128 



— tribes living in a more favourable 

 soil ; the Kirgisiens, 133, 134 — the 

 Kalmucks who inhabited the fertile 

 steppes of the Wolga, 136. 



Taxation, not the main cause of the 

 present distresses among the poor, 

 ii. 102, 103 — difference, indepen- 

 dent of taxation, between such a 

 country as America and England, 

 114. 



Theory, distinction between mischiev- 

 ous and genuine, ii. 412. 



Tibet; state of, with respect to the 

 checks to population, i. 201 — at- 

 tachment of several males to one fe- 

 male, ib. — to repress rather than to 

 encourage population, seems to be 

 an object of the government, 201, 

 202 — celibacy recommended by 

 powerful motives, 202 — religious re- 

 tirement frequent and strict, 202, 

 203 — ail the brothers of a family 

 associate with one woman, 203 — 

 notwithstanding these excessive 

 checks the population is kept up to 

 the level of the means of subsistence, 

 i. 204 — multitude of beggars, 204, 

 205. 



Terra del Fuego: state of, with respect 

 to the checks to population ; scarcity 

 of food, and want of every conveni- 

 ence and comfort, i. 25. 



Tongataboo, occasional scarcity at, i. 88. 



Towns. See the article England (1825), 

 Villages. 



Townshend, Mr. ; his plan of improving 

 the condition of the poor, considered, 

 ii. 375—378. 



Turkish dominions; state of, with re- 

 spect to the checks to population, i. 

 180 — nature of the government, 180, 

 181 — the miri, or general land-lax, 

 rendered oppressive and ruinous by 

 the pachas, 181, 182 — consequent 

 miserj' of the peasants, and deplora- 

 ble state of agriculture, 182, 183 — ■ 

 destructive extortion of the pachas, 

 182 — 184 — a maximum in many 

 cases established, 185 — effect of the 

 above measure in decreasing the 

 means of subsistence, ib. — direct 

 checks to population ; polygamy', 

 186 — unnatural vice; plague, and 

 the disorders which follow it ; epi- 

 demics and endemics ; famine, and 

 the sicknesses which follow it, 186, 

 187 — late marriages among the lower 

 classes, 188 — extinction of the Turk- 

 ish population in another century, 

 falsely predicted, 527. 



