XXVni BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH. 



the great ossiferous deposit of the Sewaliks, near the Valley 

 of Murkunda, and below ISTahun. Lieut. Baker's attention 

 had been directed to this by his having been presented by 

 the Nahun Rajah with a fragment of tusk and the fossil 

 tooth of an Elej^hant,^ which had been picked up at Sumroti, 

 near the Valley of Pinjore, and which the Eajah regarded as 

 the remains of giants destroyed by the redoubtable Eam- 

 chundra. Capt. Cautley and Dr. Falconer were immediately 

 in the new field. Falconer's enthusiasm may be judged of 

 from the following extract of a letter to Mr. Prinsej) : — 



' You have heard from Capt. Cautley and Lieut. Baker about the late 

 fossil discovery up here. I have come in for a lion's share of them. 

 In one of my tours I had to return by Nahun, and having heard of the 

 tooth presented by the Eajah, in October, to Lieut. Baker, I made 

 inquiry, and had a fragment of tooth presented to me also. I got a 

 hint of Avhere they came from, and on going to the ground, I reaped a 

 splendid harvest. Only conceive my good fortune. Within six hours I 

 got upwards of 300 specimens of fossil bones ! This was on November 

 20th, a couple of days after Lieuts. Baker and Durand had got their first 

 specimens through their native collectors.'^ 



Similar remains were subsequently discovered by Dr. Fal- 

 coner in the Sewalik range eastward of the Ganges, near 

 Hurdwar.3 By the joint laboiu-s of Cautley, Falconer, Baker, 

 and Durand, a sub-tropical mammalian fossU fauna was 

 brought to light, unexamj)led for richness and extent in any 

 other region then known. It included the earliest discovered 

 fossil Quadrumana, an extraordinary number of Proboscidea 

 belonging to Mastodon, Stegodon, Loxodon, and Euelephas; 

 several extinct species of RMnoceros ; Chalicotherium ; two 

 new subgenera of Hippopotamus, viz. Hexaprotodon and Mery- 

 copotamus; several species of S^ls and Hippohyus, and of 

 Equus and Hippotherium ; the colossal ruminant Sivatherium, 

 together with fossil species of Camel, Giraffe, Cervus, Antilope, 

 Capra, and new types of Bovidce ; Carnivora belonging to the 

 new genera Hycenardos and Enhydriodon, and also to Brepano- 

 don, Felis, Rycena, Canis, Gulo, Lutra, &c ; among the Aves, 

 species of Ostrich, Cranes, &c. ; among the Beptilia, Monitors, 



' This tooth -was described and figured | ^ Joiirn. As. Soc, vol iv. p. 57. 

 ' ' ^ ' ■' -^ ■ - ] ij^Q^g Qjj jj^g Occurrence of Fossil 



Bones in the Sewalik Eange, eastward of 



by Lieut. Baker in the Joiirn. As. Soc. 

 of Bengal for December, 1862, and was 

 subsequently determined by Dr. Falconer 

 to belong to Elephas Ganesa. 



Hiirdwar.' — Journ. As. Soc. of Bengal, 

 vol. vi. p. 233, 1837. 



