3G FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



In the tract then between tlie Jumna and Ganges, tlie 

 fossil remains as yet discovered are thus disposed : — 



Shingle, or Gravel Beds Lignite, scarce. 



Sandstone .... Trunks of dicotyledonous trees in great abundance ; 



lignite, and remains of reptiles. 

 Marl Remains of mammifers, reptiles, fishes, shells, and 



lignite. 



The mineral products are, carbonate of lime, the general 

 cement of the whole formation, also in stalactites and stalag- 

 mites ; selenite, in small tabular ciystals ; and pyrites, but 

 apparently in the neighbourhood of organic remains only. 

 Soda abounds throughout the mountains, efl9.orescing on the 

 shingle and sandstone rocks ; and the presence of this alkali 

 may explain the pai-tial disintegration of the boulders of 

 which the shmgie is composed : for I beHeve I am right in 

 asserting, that every variety of boulder, from granite to quartz 

 and sandstones, has been acted on ; and when it happens that 

 the boulders can be removed entire from the bed, they fall to 

 pieces, either after exposure to the air for a time, or by pres- 

 sure of the hand immediately. With regard to fractures in 

 some of the boulders, and their consolidation on different 

 planes, as in a slip of stratification, no remark whatever 

 appears requisite, as these are the necessary consequences of 

 that movement which raised the beds from their horizontal 

 position. There does not appear to be any further remark 

 necessary on this tract, more than can be reserved for the 

 general summary ; I shall therefore proceed to describe the 

 hills westward of the Jumna. 



HILLS WEST OP THE JUMNA. 



These, as I before stated, consist of the same series of 

 shingle, sand, clays, and marls ; but they differ, in the beds 

 of shingle being less abundant, although equally inclined, 

 and in containing a different description of boulder. The 

 rolled fragments eastward of the Jumna are all of primary 

 or lower rocks, whilst those to the westward are confined to 

 varieties of clay slate and quartz. The marl, which, between 

 the Jumna and Ganges shows itself in the southern limits, is 

 here exposed at a point north of ISTahun, cropping out on the 

 northern slope of the mountain ; and the fossil remains re- 

 semble those found in the marl eastward of the Jumna, con- 

 sisting of mammifers, crocodiles, tortoises, fishes, and shells. 

 Trom Nahun to the plains there is a succession of sandstones 

 and clays, without any abundance of shingle (fig. 2). The 

 sandstone, which, in the vicinity of ISTahun, is much indu- 

 rated, and used for building, becomes softer on approaching 



