ELEPHANT AND MASTODOX. «1 



modified so as to bear an analogy to the cranium of Dmotherium 

 giganteum ; while the head of E. Ganesa does not differ much 

 from the oi'dinary type of the elephant. In fact, we have 

 entirely failed in the detection of any good characters by 

 which the teeth of these two species can be distinguished 

 satisfactorily when met with in fragments, as is most gene- 

 rally the case. A similar agreement in the form of the teeth 

 is observable in certain closely-allied species of mastodon. 

 The tooth reijresented in this section measures nine inches 

 and a quarter in length. 



Plate III. fig. 7 6, F.A.S., shows a section of one of the 

 posterior molars of a lower jaw, which we infer to belong 

 to the same species. A small portion of the anterior end of 

 the crown has been broken off; but the presence of the 

 anterior fang proves that the section include* the whole 

 length of the tooth except the first ridge, the posterior end 

 being entire. It appears to have consisted of eight principal 

 ridges, with a ' talon ' ridge beliuid, and a subordinate ridge 

 in front. Five of the ridges have been in use, the anterior 

 two in the section being worn down close to the common base 

 of ivory, while the three last ridges are entire. Like the 

 upper molar of E. Ganesa, it bears a close resemblance to the 

 corresponding inferior tooth of E. insignis (PI. lY. fig. 1), in 

 the form of the ridges, thickness of enamel, and proportion 

 of cement. This sj)ecimen measures about seven inches and 

 a half in length. 



The next serial modification in the form of the molars 

 occtirs in another extinct Sewalik species, named E. bombi- 

 frons in this work. It is not included among the sections 

 in PI. III., P.A.S. This species, of the distinctness of which 

 we are assiired by possessing several crania containing per- 

 fect teeth, belongs to the same group as the two species last 

 described. The crown is divided into similar transverse 

 ridges, composed of numerous mammillas, which yield a 

 corresponding chevron-shaped section, and the interspaces 

 are occupied by a thick coat of cement ; but they differ, in 

 being broader and less elevated, with more open hollows. 

 The principal ridges of the last molar do not exceed eight 

 in the upper jaw and nine in the lower ; while in E. insignis 

 they amount to ten in the former, and reach as many as 

 thirteen in the latter. The last tooth of the upper jaw 

 measures eleven inches in length, by four and a half in width. 

 This species will be described in detail in a subsequent 

 chapter. 



The same group comprises a fourth extinct Indian species, 

 named in this work E. Cliftii, which furnishes the next link in 

 the chain of forms presented by the molars of the Elephantidee. 



VOL. I. G 



