ELEPHANT AND MASTODON. 83 



vincler tlie name of Mastodon latidens,^ and represented by 

 liiin in PL XXXVII. fig. 1. It consists of the two last molars 

 of tlie upper jaw. The figure (in F.A.S.) is drawn on a scale 

 of two-thirds of the natural size. The last tooth shows five 

 principal ridges with a posterior talon ridge and a subordinate 

 ridge in front. The ridges are transverse, and divided by a 

 longitudinal cleft into two pairs of principal points without 

 intermediate mammillse in the hollows. The enamel is very 

 thick, and the cement is reduced to a thin layer which is 

 only observable La the bottom of the hollows. The ivory lobes 

 resemble those of E. Ganesa, PL VI. fig. 1, but they are less 

 elevated with a broader base. The artist has been eminently 

 successful in his representation of the texture of the two dental 

 substances in this specimen. The antei'ior tooth had been a 

 long time in use, and the ridges are nearly all worn out. They 

 were four in number, in this as well as in the two teeth which 

 preceded it in the jaw. We believe this to be a small or 

 dwarf variety of M. latidens, a species the adult teeth of 

 which generally attain a large size. The last tooth figured 

 in the section measures 5^ inches in length. M. latidens, of 

 the known forms of mastodon, is that which is most nearly 

 allied to E. Cliftii, and through that species to the ti'ue 

 elephants. One or more intermediate links perhaps still re- 

 main to be discovered. It closely resembles the European 

 M. Arvernensis (If. longirostris of Kaup) in the form of the 

 molars. The coiTCspondence is so great, in the last milk 

 molar and in the antepenultimate and penultimate true 

 molars, that they have been regarded as identical species. 



PLVII.fig.l (PL III. fig. 10 a, F.A.S.) represents a section of 

 the last molar of the upper jaw of an Indian fossil species 

 named Mastodon Sivaletisis in this work. The ridges in this 

 species are more complex in their comj)Osition than in M. 

 latidens. The crown is traversed by a longitudinal furrow 

 which bisects them, each division being composed of a pair 

 of contiguous or connate conical mammillae, placed more or 

 less alternately. The hollows are in consequence interrupted. 

 This tooth, like its equivalent in M. latidens, consists of five 

 principal ridges, with a subordinate ridge in fi'ont, and a 

 'talou' ridge behind. Eight divisions of the ivory may be 

 counted in the figure, the smaller segments arising from the 

 direction in which, the section has been made through the 

 alternate mammillae. The ridges are approximated, and the 

 layer of enamel bears a large proportion to the conical lobe 

 of ivory which it invests. The cement is entirely wanting. 



' This valuable specimen, discovered 

 by Mr. Crawfurd in Ava, belongs to the 

 collection of tlie Geological Society, the 



G 2 



President of which has lilierally allowed 

 a section of it to be made for the illus- 

 tration given in fig. 8 of PL III., F.A.S. 



