ELEPHANT AND MASTODON. 



105 



teeth are stated to belong to a species different from any of 

 those described by Cuner, and having only a distant resem- 

 blance in form to the teeth of the ITorth American mastodon. 

 The large teeth have always three rows of tubercles, the 

 small two rows. The ridges are transverse and trenchant, 

 and the terminal lobes of the contiguous ridges are reflected 

 in a decurrent crenulated crest. These teeth probably belong 

 to M. Tajnro'ides. Similar remains, from Koeffnaeh, have been 

 described by Meissner, and were known to Cuvier. Von 

 Meyer considers them to indicate a distinct species, for which 

 he has proj)Osed the name of M. Turicencis. Cuvier mentions 

 that a portion of a tusk, the ivory of which was invested with 

 a layer of channeled enamel, was found along with the 

 grinders noticed by Schintz from Koeffnaeh. M. de Blainville 

 has described as the first upper molar of this sx^ecies the 

 small tooth figured by Kaup ;i but it was overlooked by this 

 eminent anatomist when he made this determination, that 

 the tooth in qtiestion, although drawn detached, occurs in 

 situ as a premolar germ, above the second milk molar in the 

 young palate specimen of Jf . longirostris, figured by Kaup in the 

 same plate f it has been described in detail as such by Kaup.^ 



This comprises all that can, at present, be safely adduced 

 respecting the dentition of If. Tapiro'ides. The large adult 

 grinders, which the size and form indicate to be the last true 

 molars, being uniformly four-ridged, appear to justify the 

 inference that the last milk molar and the first and second 

 true molars would have been three-ridged, as has been shown 

 to be the constant rule in the three i3reviously described 

 species. This conjecture is farther supported by the three- 

 ridged grinders described by Schintz; while the Sansans 

 specimen from M. Lartet, attributed by De Blainville to the 

 third molar (being the third or last of the deciduous series) 

 of this species, is also three-ridged. We therefore refer it 

 provisionally to the Trilophodon group. The species cannot 

 well be confounded with any other, except M. Ohioticus, from 

 which it is sufiiciently distiugiiished by the form of the crown 

 ridges. It is not improbable that, when better known, M. 

 Tapiroides will prove to be the species of the genus which is 

 most nearly allied to Dinotherium.'^ 



M. Australis. — Professor Owen has described, under this 

 provisional name, a fossil grinder brought by Count Strzlecki 

 from Australia. The specimen is an entire tooth, the crown 

 of which ' supports six principal mastoid eminences in three 



' Oss. Fossil de Darmst. pi. xvi. fig. 3. ' The above inferences arrived at in 184G 



^ Loc. cit. pi. xvi. figs. 1 and 1 a. were confirmed by M. Lartet's observti- 



' Loc. cit. p. 70.' tions published in 1851.' — [Ed.] 

 ■* Subsequent Note by Br. Falconer. — 



