ELEPHANT AND MASTODON. 109 



APPENDIX TO MEMOIR ON ELEPHANT AND MASTODON. 



I. — Descriptions by Dk. Falconer of Fossil Remains of Elephants in 

 Museum of Asiatic Societv, Bengal, extracted from the 

 Museum Catalogue. 



A. Frotn the Sewalik Hills. 



[Of the numerous specimens of Fossil Elephant from the Sewalik hills, 

 described in the catalogue, the following are most noteworthy. — Ed.] 



No. 7. Elephas insignis. — Beautiful specimen 'of the upper maxilla, 

 right side, of a very young animal, showing the second milk molar 

 nearly entire in situ, with the fang cavities of an anterior milk molar in 

 front : also the lower half of the alveolar canal with some of the outer 

 laminffi of the tusk adhering to it. The tusk for the age is of very large 

 size, probably indicating the animal to have been male. The end of 

 the alveolus of the third millv molar is seen behind, but no part of the 

 tooth. The specimen includes also the palatine portion of the maxillary 

 bone, and part of the jugal apophysis of the same bone. The specimen 

 is a good deal covered with argillaceous matrix which conceals the sur- 

 faces of the bone. 



Inches 



Length of fragment 4-3 



Length of molar .......... 2'7 



Width at second ridge ......... 1-35 



Greatest width behind . ........ 1-6 



Height of crown at fifth ridge ....... 1" 



The enamel of the ridges is deeply grooved vertically, forming 

 sinuous folds upon the plane of wear. The first five ridges are more or 

 less worn, showing that the tooth had been in fidl wear ; the last ridge 

 intact, exhibiting the tips of five mammillas. Diameter of alveolus of 

 tusk, 1-2. This is a very valuable and instructive specimen, as re- 

 gards the early dentition. It corresponds very closely with the spe- 

 cimen figm-ed in PL XIX. fig. 1, of Faim. Ant. Siv., but is still more 

 perfect. 



No. 8. Elephas insignis. — Fine specimen comprising the anterior 

 half of the horizontal ramus, lower jaw, left side, of a young animal 

 corresponding very nearly in age with No. 7, and showing the same 

 teeth. It is broken off vertically in front near the symphysis, and 

 behind posteriorly to the molar. It shows the second milk molar in 

 situ nearly entire, with the first five ridges more or less worn, the last 

 ridge barely touched. The two first ridges partly broken off. The 

 tooth is the second milk molar, and it agrees so exactly in every respect 

 in form and characters with the corresponding tooth of No. 7, that it 

 is vmnecessary to give details : it might even have belonged to the 

 same animal. Two empty fang-pits of the faUen out first milk molar 

 are seen in front. 



Inches 

 Length of specimen . . . . . . . , . 6- 



Height of jaw to alveolar margin, at fii-st milk molar . . .3-2 

 Thickness of jaw behind ........ 27 



Length of molar ......... 2'7 



Width of crown at second ridge . . . . . . . 1 '0.5 



Ditto ditto, behind . . . 1-6 



