112 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



spout to the symphysis, and this part of the ramus is thickened and 

 much swollen out, so that the outline forms a narrow oval, instead of 

 l^eing round. In these respects it resembles the African Elephant, but 

 the symphj^sial portion is still more elongated than in that species. 

 The inferior border of the jaw is considerably arched anteriorly ; five 

 scattered mental foramina are visible, the largest being at the base of 

 the beak. 



No. 28. ElepJias Htisudricus. — IMutilated cranium, broken across 

 about the middle of the sheath of the incisive bones, with the loss of the 

 whole of the frontal, temporal and occipital regions ; perfect in the left 

 maxillary, the whole of the palate, posterior part of diastema on both 

 sides, and the inferior part of the incisive bones; the right maxilla 

 broken off obliquely outwards from the inner margin of the alveolus, 

 the fracture having removed the greater part of the molar of that side ; 

 the posterior opening of nasal fossa entire. T'wo molars on the left side, 

 the anterior perfectly entire, showing ten ridges, the eight anterior of 

 which are more or less worn, but none of the discs confluent. The 

 enamel plate of the front accessory ridge also remains. The discs 

 of the three anterior ridges have the enamel a good deal plaited with a 

 narrow loop in the middle. The next three ridges have their digital 

 extremities worn into three distinct divisions, and the mammillae of the 

 posterior ridges are distinct. The enamel is thick as compared with 

 the Indian Elephant, but less so than in E. planifrons. The crown of 

 the tooth forms a narrow oblong, with little obliquity in the place of 

 wear. Of the posterior molar all the j)lates are in germ and concealed 

 by the pterygoid bone, the three anterior alone being exposed by a 

 fracture. They are seen to be very much deeper than in E. planifrons 

 and to be curved forwards at the apex. The section of the incisive 

 bones shows that the tusks were of about medium size, namely four and 

 a half inches in diameter. 



Dimensions. 



Inches 



Length of palate from broken extremities of incisives . . 12' 



Width of palate in front ....... 3' 



Ditto behind .......... 4" 



Length of anterior molar (penultimate) ..... 8- 



Width of crown in front ....... 3'1 



Ditto in middle 3-7 



Ditto behind 3.5 



Estimated length of last molar . . . . . . 11'5 



Height of second plate ........ 4'7 



This is the only portion of the craniiim of this species of considerable 

 size contained in the collection. The molars are inferred to be the 

 penultimate and last. They show well the characters of the species as 

 distinguished from E. planifrons. 



No. 41. Elephas Hysudricus. — Very fine specimen of the loAver jaw 

 left side, comprising the greater portion of the horizontal ramus broken 

 off in front of the mental foramen, and of the whole of the ascending 

 ramus as high as the neck of the condyle ; containing the last molar in 

 sitv, nearly worn out, and the whole length emerged from the alveolus; 

 the anterior part of the tooth woidd appear to have been worn away ; 

 the remains of twelve ridges are visible, the first three of which are 



