ELEPHANT AND MASTODON. 127 



The surface of the tooth of the lower jaw wears obliquely and out- 

 wardly on the grinding surface, as in the ruminants, in which respect 

 it differs entirely from the elephants. 



The wear of the coronals is marked at the commencement by irre- 

 gularly lobed figures, which, as the detrition advances, become con- 

 fused and gradually unite, until the mammillae are worn away entirely, 

 when the tooth is left with merely a surface of ivory surrounded by 

 enamel. 



The drawings are intended to represent the tooth at these different 

 stages ;i from the state of germ, to the old and worn down, tooth, 

 showing the intermediate state of detrition at different ages. 



I wish to draw attention particularly to the alternating position of 

 the mammillffi, which I consider to be the chief specific character, and 

 which is distinctly marked throughout the whole series ; and, referring 

 again to the Asti fossil as figured in Cuvier, I think that a clear iden- 

 tification is established. (See PI. IX. fig. 2.) 



As my object in writing this note is simply to point out the dis- 

 tinctive characters of the teeth of the mastodon a dents e'troites, which 

 has been found in the Sewahk hills, it is unnecessary to make any 

 further remarks until we can enter upon a general description of the 

 fossil mastodons and elephants of these hills ; noting, however, that 

 from the half of a lower jaw of this species, with its ramus attached, 

 which is now in my possession, we may look forward to some pecu- 

 liarities of form, differing very materially not only from the fossil and 

 existing elephant, but also from the other species of mastodon. 



Up to this period I am only aware of the discovery of two species of 

 mastodon in the Sewalik hills ; namely, the variety of M. angustidens 

 which is the subject of this note, and the M. Elephantoides of Clift. 

 The former is very rare, and the latter in very great abtmdance.^ 



V. — Note on Mastodons of the Sewaliks. By Capt. P. T. Cautlet.^ 



In the present state of the researches into the fossil remains of the 

 Sewahks, it will be interesting to note any discovery of peciiliar in- 

 terest, without entering upon a description in detail. Such a descrip- 

 tion may, with propriety, be reserved, until the possession of a more 

 perfect and a more numerous collection of remains enables us to enter 

 upon the description with greater confidence : whilst, in the meantime, 

 to those who are interested in the study the periodical announcement 

 of progress made in our operations cannot be devoid of interest ; under 

 this idea I did myself the pleasure of forwarding to your Society the 

 note on the dentition of. the Mastodon angustidens (variety of), and 

 now send you one on a skull of another variety of Mastodon which has 

 been lately received. The sketches are drawn on transfer paper, and 

 will, I hope, be intelligible. 



Figs. 1 and 2 are representations of the fossil skull — Fig. 1 being the 

 front, and Fig. 2 the profile or side view. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar 



' The reader is referred to the de- | = The former is the Mastodon Sim- 

 seriptions by Dr. Falconer, in the Fauna lensis ; the latter includes the Elephas 

 Antiqua Sivalensis. Plates xxxii. to insignis and E. Cliftii of the Fauna An- 

 xxxvii. — [Bd.] 1 tiqua Sivalensis. — [Ed.] 



' Reprinted from the Jouxn. As. Soc. Dec, 1836, vol. v. p. 768. — [Ed.] 



