CIIALICOTIIERIUM SIVALENSE. 213 



Molars. — Next, with regard to the molar teeth. There 

 were six molars on either side in both jaws of Ghalicotlierium 

 Sivalense. For those of the upper jaw I must revert to the 

 figures previously given in the ' Proceedings' (PI. XYII. figs. 

 1 and 2). The jaws being locked in the Dadoopoor specimen, 

 the crown surfaces of the teeth are not visible for description. 

 Fig. 1 represents the left side of the up]3er jaw, with the 

 whole of the molar series in situ beautifully preserved, of an 

 adult animal. In the ' Akten der Urwelt,' Kaup has figured a 

 corresponding fragment of the left upper jaw of Chalicotherium 

 Goldfussi from Eppelsheim, containing also a series of six 

 molars. The teeth of the two species are exceedingly alike in 

 form and proportions, those of the European species being 

 larger ; they both exhibit a strong resemblance to the molars 

 of Anoplotherium commune, as represented by Cuvier in PL 

 XLVI. fig. 2, vol. iii. of the ' Ossemens Possiles.' The Sewalik 

 specimen and the latter correspond exactly in age, the last 

 molar in both being in the germ state, with the ridges scarcely 

 affected by wear. The comparison between them is in conse- 

 quence greatly facilitated. The teeth in the Eppelsheim 

 specimen are more worn. 



Upper Molars. — The crowns of the true molars (2 m. 3 m.) 

 in Ghalicotlierium Sivalense form irregular cubes, with a 

 square deej)ly excavated grinding stirface broken up into 

 four principal points or 'hillocks,' separated longitudinally 

 and transversely by wide open clefts. The outer surface, as 

 in Palceotherium, and Anoplotherium, is divided unequally into 

 two hollow interspaces by three vertical emmences, ascending 

 from the base about half-way upwards ; but the anterior and 

 central of these elevations, instead of being well defined and 

 keel-shaped, as in the two latter genera, form in Chalico- 

 therium enormous rounded convex bulges, projecting much 

 above the level of the hollow spaces included between them, 

 while the posterior angle is depressed and overlapped by the 

 anterior bulge of the next succeeding tooth. In Rhinoceros 

 these eminences are obsolete, the outer surface of the upper 

 grinders being nearly flat ; in Anoplotherium they are well 

 marked, as also in Palceotherium ; in Ghalieotherium they 

 attain the maximum of development presented by the Ungu- 

 late genera, fossil or recent. In Gh. Goldfussi of Kaup the 

 anterior of these bulges is the largest, and it is notched at 

 the apex, so as to resemble very closely the corresponding 

 lobe or anterior semicone of the uj)per grinder of Lophiodon 

 Tapiro'ides. They further agree in the horizontal outline, 

 and in the low elevation of the crovm. But here the resem- 

 blance ceases ; the form and position of the other principal 

 points and the transverse direction of the main ridges ar 



