CAMEL. 229 



of an inch of the maxillary bone appearing on the nasal 

 aperture. In the horned Ruminantia this peculiarity is only 

 observable in the Yak and Auroch. 



We have considered the above observations applicable in 

 pointing out the differences that exist in the osteology of 

 the Camel's head and that of other Ruminants, previously to 

 entering upon the teeth ; as vrith these two points fully ex- 

 plained, the identification of our fossil is placed beyond all 

 doubt, and it will only remain then for ns to show the 

 differences which it exhibits. 



It has been before noted that the anomalous character of 

 the teeth is one of the jioints connecting the Camel with a 

 higher family. The molars, however, are, as is normal in 

 Ruminants, in number twenty-four ; six on each side in the 

 upper, and the same in the lower jaw. The first molar, which, 

 from having the simple and pointed form of a canine tooth, 

 has by some naturalists been termed a second canine, is one 

 of the chief peculiarities of the Camel. It is situated at some 

 distance from the remaining molars, which, in number five, 

 are in a continuous series ; in the lower jaw the second molar, 

 or that which may be considered the first of the series, is de- 

 scribed by Cuvier as falling out at an eai-ly age ; and, not 

 being replaced, it leaves a series of four teeth only. 



We have examined a number of sJculls of the common or 

 Arabian Camel, and have only found one example of the ex- 

 istence of this second molar in the lower jaw ; the series in 

 all other cases consisting of four, with a wide intervening 

 space between the first and third. That it is a part of the 

 true series is undoubted, from its existence in the specimen 

 above alluded to. It is exceedingly small and rudimentary. 

 Its position is central on the space between the first and 

 third of the whole series. 



The skull in which we have observed this small and 

 deciduous tooth is from a fine specimen of the Camel pro- 

 I cured at Hissar. The animal to which it belonged was fuU- 

 ] grown, we should say somewhat passed the adult state, 

 (judging from the bones of the cranium being anchylosed, and 

 Ja consequent absence of sutures. There is a greater develop- 

 Iment of all the distinctive characters in this specimen, in 

 1 depth of maxillaries, comparative dimensions of the cranial 

 [and facial portions, &c., arising from the superior growth to 

 [which the animal has attained, and from the superior class of 

 [animal from, which it was selected ; and the space occupied 

 jby the maxillary bone in the external nasal opening is also 

 {smaller than we have observed in any other specimen. 



In the upper jaw the line of molars consists of one sharp 

 [pointed tooth similar to a canine, and situated at some dis- 



