CAMEL. 



237 



of uniformity ; in fact, the inferences of the value of this 

 process in establishing any peculiarity in the' organization of 

 the masticatory faculties, appear to us, as we before noted, to 

 be clothed in considerable obscurity. 



With these remarks on the osteology of the head, we will 

 — after the following table, showing the comparative sizes of 

 the ultimate tooth in the upper jaw of a number of fossils, 

 compared with that of the Camel now existing — proceed to 

 the rest of the bony structure, which, from the strong resem- 

 blance that exists between the fossil and modern types, wiU 

 occupy but a small space. 



Gomparatwe Dimensions of the Ultimate or Tldrd Perm,anent Molar 

 {see Plate XVIII. fig. 5) in the ujjper jaiv of the Fossil and of the 

 existing Camel. 



Of the vertebral column we possess a very perfect atlas, 

 with part of the axis attached to it. The form is precisely 

 that of the corresponding vertebra of the existing Camel, 

 with the exception of an increased development to the ridge 

 on the lower side, and a consequent increase of dej)ression of 

 the lateral surfaces in which the arterial foramina are 

 situated. The shortness of the wings and the conical form 

 of the atlas correspond with that of the existing Camel. 



Of the axis we have only a mutilated specimen ; the pos- 

 terior portion is altogether wanting, but the remainder is 

 similar to that of the present Camel. 



We possess a number of the lower extremities of both the 

 humerus, and the radius and the ulna — some of them in 

 connected joints, others separate ; but we have not been able 

 to detect, amongst the numerous fragments in our possession, 

 the connecting pieces by which the bone in its whole length 

 could be established. We see no difference whatever in 

 these fragments, and in their articulating ends, from those of 

 the existing animal. The anchylosis of the radius and ulna 

 is as complete ; the surfaces for the articulation of the 

 scaphoid and cuneiform bones as flat and unmarked by a 

 hollow ; and the lower extremity of the ulna is as destitvite 

 of an external process for embracing the cuneiform bone of 

 the carpus, as in the existing Camel. 



