240 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



of the head and face. The constant influx of Camels in the 

 whole sweep of the Indus and its branches, from Ludiana to 

 ShikarjDur, or even to the Indian Ocean, most undoubtedly 

 keei^s up the supply, but does not add anjrfching to the 

 improvement of the species. Indeed, we are inclined to con- 

 sider that the Camel has deteriorated in size from that to 

 which it attained in its wild and natural character; and 

 should our inference be correct, the dimensions obtained 

 from the comparative measurement of the bones of our fossil 

 species may lead to a very tolerable idea of the size to which 

 the Camel reached, when unshackled by the trammels of 

 man, and leading its existence in the wilds of its own native 

 region. 



We regret our inability, from want of specimens, of adding 

 to this comparative statement the dimensions and peculiarities 

 of form of the Bactrian or true Camel with two humps, 

 Camelus Badriamis of authors. The Gamelus dromedarius, or 

 the Dromedary with one hump, is the animal from which we 

 have drawn our description. In Stark's ' Natural History ' 

 the former is stated to be the longer of the two ; Gamelus 

 Bactrianus being described as ' about 10 feet long,' and 

 Camelus dromedarius as ' nearly 8 feet long.' We are not 

 aware of the limits upon which the above measurements are 

 drawn ; but in taking those of a perfect vertebral column, 

 from the atlas to the last caudal vertebra of the common- 

 sized Camelus dromedarius, we obtain a measurement of 

 9 feet 10 inches. Including the head, the total length of the 

 Camelus dromedarius is 11 feet 4 inches ; and this must be 

 considered as under the full measurement, from the absence 

 of inter-vertebral cartilages, which connect the vertebrae in 

 the living animal. Stark's specific character evidently leaves 

 an impression of a superiority of size in the Camelus Bactri- 

 a7ius. We learn from Elphinstone, in his ' History of Caubul,' 

 that the height of the latter animal is considerably less ; that 

 it is shorter and stouter ; well adapted for rocky and hilly 

 countries ; and, from its shortness of limb, less liable to 

 accident than its tall and slenderly-formed congener. 



On the Camels in Afghanistan, the author above-mentioned 

 remarks : ' The Dromedary is found in all the plain country, 

 but most in sandy and dry parts ; this is the tall long-legged 

 animal common in India. The Bactrian Camel (which I 

 understand is called Uzhree in Toorkee) is much more rare, 

 and I believe is brought from the Kuzzauk country, beyond 

 the Jaxartes. He is lower by a third at least than the 

 other, is ver)^ stout, and covered with shaggy black hair, 

 and has two distinct humps, instead of the one hump as 

 the Dromedary. The Boghdi Camel, in the south-west of 



