248 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



the family witli the Pachydermata, and at the same time 

 so marked by individual peculiarities as to be without an 

 analogue in its order. 



The fossil remain of the Sivatheritim, from which our 

 description is taken, is a remarkably perfect head. When 

 discovered it was fortunately so completely enveloped by a 

 mass of stone, that although it had long been exposed to be 

 acted upon as a boulder in a water-course, all the more im- 

 portant parts of structure had been preserved. The block 

 might have been passed over, but for an edging of the teeth 

 in relief from it, which gave promise of something additional 

 concealed. After much labour, the hard crystalline covering 

 of stone was so successfully removed that the huge head 

 now stands out with a couple of horns between the orbits, 

 broken only near their tips, and the nasal bones projected in 

 a free arch, high above the chaffron. All the molars on both 

 sides of the jaw are present and singularly perfect. The 

 only mutilation is at the vertex of the cranium, where the 

 plain of the occipital meets that of the brow, and at the 

 muzzle, which is truncated a little way in front of the first 

 molar. The only parts which are still concealed are a por- 

 tion of the occipital, the zygomatic fossse on both sides, and 

 the base of the cranium over the sphenoid bone. 



The form of the head is so singular and grotesque that the 

 first glance at it strikes one with surprise. The prominent 

 features are : — first, the great size approaching that of the 

 elephant; second, the immense development and width of 

 the cranium behind the orbits; third, the two divergent 

 osseous cores for horns starting out from the brow between 

 the orbits ; fourth, the form and direction of the nasal bones, 

 rising with great prominence out of the chaffron, and over- 

 hanging the external nostrils in a pointed arch; fifth, the 

 great massiveness, width, and shortness of the face forward 

 from the orbits ; sixth, the great angle at which the grind- 

 ing plane of the molars deviates upwards fi-om that of the 

 base of the skull. 



Viewed in profile, the form and direction of the horns and 



plainedby the Mahant, or high priest at ' also called Gangaja, gaja being, in 

 Beyra, is as follows : — l Hindoo, an elephant. That portion east- 



SewaliJc, a corrnption of Siva-wcihi, a ' ward from Diidhli, or between that vil- 



name given to the tract of mountains 

 between the Jimina and Gimges, from 

 having been the residence of Iswara 

 Siva and his son Ganes, who, under the 

 form of an elephant, had charge of the 

 westerly portion from the village of 

 Diidhli to the Jumna, which portion is 



lage and Hurdwar, is called Beodhar, 

 from its being the especial residence of 

 Deota, or Iswara SivA; the whole tract 

 however between the Jumna and Ganges 

 is called Siva-ala, or the habitation of 

 Siva: uude der. Sewalik. 



