252 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



be widely separated, and the interval to be occupied by large 

 cells, formed by an expansion of the diploe into plates, as in 

 the elephant. The interval exceeds 2^ inches in the occipital. 

 On the left side of the frontal, the swelling at the vertex has 

 its upper lamina of bone removed, and the cast of the cells 

 exhibits a surface of almond-shaped or oblong eminences with 

 smooth hollows between. 



The temporal is greatly concealed by a quantity of the 

 stony matrix, which has not been removed from the temporal 

 fossa. No trace of the squamous suture remains to mark its 

 limits and conueetion with the frontal. The inferior pro- 

 cesses of the bone about the auditory foramen have been 

 destroyed or are concealed by stone. The zygomatic process 

 is long and runs forward to join the corresponding apophysis 

 of the jugal bone, with little prominence or convexity. A 

 line produced along it would pass ui front, tlu'ough the tube- 

 rosities of the maxiUaries, and to the rear along the upper 

 margin of the occipital condyles. The process is stout and 

 thick. The temjDoral fossa is very long and rather shallow. 

 It does not rise up high on the side of the cranium ; it is 

 over-arched by the cylindej--like sides of the frontal bone. 

 The position and form of the articulating surface with the 

 lower jaw are concealed by stone, which has not been 

 removed. 



There is nothing in the fossil to enable us to determine 

 the form and limits of the parietal bones : the cranium being 

 chiefly mutilated in the region which they occupy. But they 

 appear to have had the same form and character as in the 

 ox ; to have been intimately united with the occii^itals, and to 

 have joined with the frontal at the upper angle of the skull. 



The form and characters of the occipital are very marked. 

 It occupies a large space, having width proportioned to that 

 of the frontal, and considerable height. It is expanded late- 

 rally into two alse, which commence at the upper margin of 

 the foramen magnum and proceed upwards and outwards. 

 These alee are smooth, and are hollowed out downwards and 

 outwards from near the condyles towards the mastoid region 

 of the temporal. Their inner or axine margins j)roceed in a 

 ridge arising from the border of the occipital foramen, 

 diverging from each other nearly at right angles, and enclose 

 a large triangular fossa, into which they descend abruptly. 

 This fossa is chiefly occujjied by stone in the fossil, but it 

 does not appear shallow, and seems a modiflcation of the 

 same structure as in the elephant. There is no appearance 

 of an occipital crest or protuberance. The bone is mutUated 

 at the sides towards the junction with the temporals. Both 

 here and at its upper fractured margin its structure is seen 



