262 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



not found in the Euminantia, but somewliat resembling that 

 of the Elephant, and suitable for the attachment of a trunk. 



Next with regard to the horns : — 



There can be no doubt that the two thick short and conical 

 processes between the orbits were the cores of horns, resem- 

 iDling those of the Bovine and Antelopine sections of the Ru- 

 minantia. They are smooth, and run evenly into the brow 

 without any burr. The homy sheaths which they bore must 

 have been straight, thick, and not much elongated. ISTone of 

 the bicorned Ruminantia have horns placed in the same way, 

 exactly between and over the orbits ; they have them raore or 

 less to the rear. The only ruminant which has horns similar 

 in position is the four-horned Antelope' of Hindostan, which 

 differs only in having its anterior pair of horns a little more 

 in advance of the orbits than occurs in the Sivatherium. 

 The correspondence of the two at once suggests the question, 

 ' Had the Sivatherium also two additional horns on the vei'tex?' 

 The cranium in the fossil is mutilated across at the vertex, 

 so as to deprive us of direct evidence on the point, but the 

 following reasons render the supposition at least probable : — 



1st. — As above stated in the bi-cavicorned Ruminantia, 

 the osseous cores are placed more or less to the rear of the orbits. 



2nd.^In such known species as have four horns, the 

 supplementary pair is between the orbits, and the normal 

 pair well back upon the frontal. 



3rd. — In the Bovine section of Ruminantia the frontal 

 is contracted behind the orbits, and upwards from the con- 

 traction it is expanded again into two swellings at the lateral 

 angles of the vertex, which run into the bases of the osseous 

 cores of the horns. This conformation does not exist in such 

 of the Ruminantia as want horns or as have them approxi- 

 mated on the brow. It is jDresent in the Sivatherium. 



On either supposition the infra-orbital horns are a re- 

 markable feature in the fossil, and if they were a solitary pair 

 on the head, the structure, from their position, would perhaps 

 be more smgular than if there had been two additional horns 

 behind.^ 



Now to estimate the length of the deficient portion of the 

 muzzle, and the entire leng-th of the head : — 



In most of the Ruminantia, where the molars are in a con- 

 tiguous uninterrupted series the interval from the first molar 

 to the anterior border of the incisive bones is nearly equal to 

 the space occupied by the molars, in some greater, in some a 

 little less, and generally the latter. In other Ruminantia, 

 such as the Gamelidce, where the anterior molars are unsym- 



' Tho Tetracerus or AntUopc quadri- I ^ See Appendix, No. I. and Plate xxi. 

 cornis and Chikarra of authors. | — [Ed.] 



