268 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



cores. Besides, no ruminant with antlers was ever seen with 

 four bases to the horns. With regard to the rear ones, their 

 structure is most perplexing, the main branch is hollow as in 

 the Bovidce, they have no burr or appearance of articula- 

 tion ; but at the same time they give undoubted proofs of 

 having had two branches, the distinct bases of which are seen, 

 and there is every reason to believe they had a third. No 

 cavicorned core is known to be branched in this way, after 

 the manner of the solid antlered horns of the Gervidce, but at 

 the same time they have no burr as all the Cervidw have. 

 They are smooth, they are not solid, as all the Gervidce are, 

 but hollow ; at least, the central and outer ones are so. The 

 horns in the Cervidce always come oif from the forehead much 

 in advance of the occipital, with long parietals between. In 

 the Bovidce they come off exactly overhanging the occipital : 

 so do these. In the specimen the plane of the occipital is 

 exactly as in the Bovidce ; there are no distinct parietals, the 

 frontals run up to the occipital crest, and there give off their 

 cores. Therefore, both from structure and analogy, the rear 

 horns of the Sivatherium were at least three-branched, and 

 at the same time cavicorned ! The dimensions of Col. Colvin's 

 specimen are as follows : — 



Measwements. 



Inches 



LongiUidinal diameter of pedicle of right back horn where contracted 5'8 



Vertical ditto ditto ditto . . 3-3 



Greatest width mutilated of occiput ...... IS'.") 



Height of occipital from upper border foramen to top of cores. . 5-25 

 Breadth of the condyles (somewhat broken or compressed) . . 6'3 

 Interval between the surfaces of temporal fossae behind the pedi- 

 cles of horns .......... 13'4 



Length from the middle of a line drawn across the anterior margin 



of the base of front horns . ....... 13'5 



[The specimen to which the above remarks refer was ob- 

 tained by Colonel Colvin from the lower hills below and west 

 of Nahun. It was figured and briefly described by him in 

 the ' Journal of the Asiatic Society' for February 1837. It 

 was also figured by Dr. Falconer in an unpublished plate of 

 the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis ' (Plate A., fig. 2). In 

 Captain Cautley's collection a large flat horn was found, 

 which corresponded to Colonel Colvin's specimen : this is 

 figured in the same plate (Plate A., fig. 5). Colonel Colvin's 

 specimen is now in the Museum of the Edinburgh Uni- 

 versity ; the flat horn is in the British Museum (Cat. 

 No. 39,524). These specimens are also figured in Plate XXI. 

 figs. 2 and 3 of this work, where a restoration of the skull 

 by Mr. Dinkel (fig. 4) is also given, which will explain the 

 structure and relations of the four horns better than any 

 description. — Ed.] 



