QUADRUMANA. 295 



The articular siirface (c) for the inner malleolus somewhat 

 differs : in the fossil it is long, shallow, and rather pyriform 

 in outline, while in the Entellus it is cup-shaped, deeper, and 

 more extensive. The other pits and inequalities of the inner 

 side correspond ; but the entire surface slopes off more ob- 

 liquely in the fossil. The great calcanean surface (d) has the 

 same diagonal direction, with reference to the upper surface, 

 as in the Entellus ; it has also the same form, but it is more 

 vaulted, and has less stretch and width. Its inner margin is 

 bounded by the shallow, pulley-shaped fossa (e) for the tendon 

 of the flexor pollicis longus muscle, entirely as in the Entellus ; 

 and the rough pit between it and the anterior calcanean sur- 

 face (f) is alike in both. The head-and-neck apophysis is 

 sent off as in the Entellus. The upper surface of the neck 

 (g) is narrower and less sloped. The scaphoid surface of the 

 head (h) is altogether less extensive. The head itself is not 

 so thick and massive, and its long direction slopes more ob- 

 liquely upwards than in the Entellus ; its inferior articular 

 surface is less, and there is a wide, rectagonal, rough gutter 

 or fossa running half way across so as to make two sur- 

 faces. In the Entellus the fossa is obsolete and only indicated 

 by a minute foramen, so that these articular surfaces run 

 into one. This is the gTeatest difference observable in the 

 fossil. The rough fossa at the outer side of the neck is alike 

 in both. 



With these inconsiderable peculiarities, the fossil agrees so 

 closely in size and general form with the astragalus of the 

 Entellus, that it probably belonged to the same sub-genus ; 

 still the points of difference are sufficient to leave no doubt, 

 that the fossil must be assigned to a distinct species. In 

 equalling the Entellus, it would belong to the larger Quadru- 

 mana. This is all the information the specimen conveys, 

 regarding the animal from which it came ; but we may hope 

 to meet with remains, which will develope its entire osteology, 

 more especially that of the cranium and face. The fossil was 

 found by a party of Hindoo collectors employed by us on the 

 fossil tract of the Sewalik hills ; and was brought to us mixed 

 up with a promiscuous collection of the remains of the Hip- 

 popotamus, Mastodon, Ruminants, &c., like the specimens 

 which have been sent to the Society. We have not therefore 

 the means of knowing the exact locality where, and the cir- 

 ciunstances under which, it was found. 



The discovery is interesting in itself as supplying a deficient 

 link in the series of the former tenants of the globe, but 

 greatly more so in connection with the races with which the 

 fossil was associated. We have excavated from, or found in 

 the debris of, different beds of the same formation which 

 yielded the fossil astragalus, the remains of a species of 



