206 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



Anoplotlierium,^ the Orocodilus hiporcatus and C. {Leptor- 

 hynchus) Gangeticus,"^ respectively the Magar and Gavial, two 

 species which, at the present day inhabit the quiet waters of 

 the Ganges. Here then are two most instructive facts : 

 Quadrumana co-existed with a member of the oldest ascer- 

 tained pachydermatous genus of Europe ; and two reptiles 

 now the contemporaries of man in the East, lived, and may 

 have laved, in the same waters along with a species of one of 

 the mammiferous genera which characterize the Eocene period 

 of the West ; affording another illustration of constancy in the 

 order of nature, of an identity of condition in the earth of the 

 olden time with what it exhibits now, and of the invariableness 

 of organized forms. The two decurrent ridges on the face 

 which specifically distinguish the G. hiporcatus of the present 

 day are as marked and distinct on the individuals which 

 existed perhaps centuries of centuries ago ; and an ankle 

 bone of the Sewalik fossU Monkey so closely resembles that of 

 a living species, that it is difiicult to explain the difference. 



The Sewalik fossils abound in monuments of this sort. 

 There is a mixture of the new and of the old, of the past and 

 of the present, of familiar vdth surprising forms, together 

 with a numerical richness, such as no other explored region 

 has exhibited wdthin so comparatively limited a space. The 

 Camel,' the Antelope, and Anoplotherium, have been found, 

 intermixed with each other in the same bed. There are re- 

 mains of the Elephant, Mastodon, Hippopotamus,^ Anthra- 

 cotherium. Rhinoceros,^ Hog, and Horse ; the Tapir alone of 

 the large existing Pachydermata being without a representa- 

 tive. In the Sivatherium'' is seen a huge Ruminant exceeding 

 in size the largest Rhinoceros ; it is also armed with four 

 enormous sheathed horns, divided and foliated like the 

 Dicranocerrne Antelopes, and able to contend for mastery 

 with the Mastodon. Contrasted with him in the same family 

 is the puny Musk Deer, scarcely larger than a Hare. There 



' Anoplotherium Sivalense, a new spe- I a species of the size of the existing 

 cies, of a size somewhat larger than the Camel. (See antea, p. 227. — Ed.) 



~ ■* Asiat. Res., Art. III. Hvpfofotamus 



Sivalensis ('Noh.), & H. dissimilis (N oh.). 

 (See antea, p. 130. — Ed.) 



' Journal of the Asiatic Society, vol. 

 iv. p. 706, and vol. v. p. 486." (See 

 antea, p. 157. — Ed.) 



° Asiat. Research ut supra, Art. I. 

 Sivatkerium giga^iteum (Nob.). Since 

 the memoir was printed. Col. Colvin, 

 Bengal Engineers, has got a specimen 

 of the cranium with the bases of the four 

 horns attached, and we have in our 

 possession an almost entire rear horn, 

 which has given the characters noted 

 above. (See antea, p. 268. — Ed.) 



A. commune of the Paris basin. The 

 species is known to us by two upper 

 jaws in our possession with the series 

 of molars complete. We therefore quote 

 it unhesitatingly. (See antea, pp. 190 

 and 208.— Ed.) 



^ Known to us by specimens compris- 

 ing the whole of the cranium and 

 muzzle. They do not differ more from 

 the existing individuals than these do 

 from one another in varieties dependent 

 on age and sex. Asiatic Researches, 

 vol. xix. Part II., Art. II. (See Appen- 

 dix to Memoir on Crocodile. — Ed.) 



' Camelus Sivalensis (Nob.), Asiatic 

 Researches, vol. xix. Part II., Art. X., 



