QUADRUMANA. 299 



From the inspection of the molar teeth, the order to which 

 the aniraal belonged is sufficiently evident ; htit there is 

 enough of the orbit remaining to afford additional and very 

 satisfactory proof. The lovrer part of the orbit and the start 

 of the zygomatic arch being very distinct, would alone remove 

 all doubt from the subject, the orbits of the Quadrumana 

 being peculiar and not easily to be confounded with those of 

 other animals. 



On comparison with the delineations of the dentition of 

 this order of animals given by F. Cuvier, the fossil bears some 

 resemblance to the genus Semnopithecus; the section of the 

 canine and the form and size of the false molars are very 

 similar to the example taken by F. Cuvier from a head of 

 the species Maurus, found in Java. Had the drawing- 

 been taken from the EnteUus, a species which inhabits 

 India, the comparison would in this instance have been more 

 satisfactory ; but the Maurus being chosen as the type, and no 

 mention made of other difference except length of canines, 

 the various species may be supposed to present no material 

 departure from the type in form of molars. The third molar 

 in the fossil is so much worn as not to admit of being com- 

 pared with drawings from unworn teeth ; the fourth is like 

 that of the Maurus, but the fifth does not resemble the ana- 

 logous molars of any of the existing species as represented by 

 F. Cuvier, for the fossil tooth possesses a small interstitial 

 point of enamel at the inner side, which does not appear to 

 have place in any of those delineated. The incisors are 

 absent, but the inter-maxillary is clearly distinguishable. 



Were it not for the size of the canine and the fifth molar, 

 the specimen presents some resemblance to the genus Macacus, 

 given as the type of the genera Macacus and Oynocephalus. 

 The smallness of the canine and the large size of the molars 

 cause the fossil to approach more nearly to the Semnopithecus 

 than to the Macacus ; the difference is, however, great between 

 the two, for the EnteUus is said to attain the length of three 

 and a half feet, whereas the length of the fossil animal, if the 

 space occupied by the molars and their size be deemed suffi- 

 cient ground for a conjecture, must have been equal to that 

 of the Pithecus satyriis : the space taken up by the molars is 

 2-15 inches. This circumstance, and the differences before 

 pointed out, clearly separate the fossil from the species be- 

 longing to the genera Oynocephalus or Semnopithecus. The 

 specimen is imperfect, but it indicates the existence of a 

 gigantic species of quadrumanous animals contemporaneously 

 with the Pachydermata of the Sub-Himalayahs, and thus sup- 

 plies what has hitherto been a desideratum in palaeontology 

 — proof of the existence, in a fossil state, of the type of 



