URSUS (HYiENARCTOS) SIVALENSIS. 



321 



XVI. ON UESUS SIVALENSIS, A NEW FOSSIL 

 SPECIES FROM THE SEWALIK HILLS.^ 



BY CAPTAIN P. T. CAUTLEY, AND HUGH FALCONER, M.D. 



We are now enabled to record another new form in fossil zoo- 

 logy drawn from the rich deposits of the Sewalik hills. In a 

 preceding article we have noticed a new feline extinct species, 

 of dimensions approaching those of the existing Tiger ; in 

 the present one, we shall endeavour to characterize another 

 member of the same family, of the genus Ursus, essentially 

 distinct from existing or extinct species in some prominent 

 points of its osteology, and remarkable also for large size, 

 like some other of its associated fossil contemporaries. 



Our knowledge of the species is derived from two fossil speci- 

 mens. The one, consisting of the right half of the lower jaW 

 mutilated at the symphysis and ascending portion of the 

 ramus, exhibited in PI. XXVI. figs. 3 & 4, gave us the first idea 

 of a new animal. The other, figs. 1 & 2, a subsequent acqui- 

 sition, is a superb specimen of the head, which, although a 

 good deal fractured, is at the same time so well preserved in its 

 principal features as to cause little difficulty in determining 

 the specific characters. The three rear molars are perfect on 

 one side and but little damaged on the other. Both canines 

 are present, and that of the right side is entire. The alveoli 

 of the false molars and incisors are distinct, although the 

 teeth are wanting. The only considerable deficiencies are in 

 the posterior and lower parts of the occiput, both zygomatic 

 arches, and in the lower end of the nasals, where a fissure 

 extends across the face on both sides towards the orbits. 



The chief peculiarities of the fossil are to be found in the 

 teeth, which are constructed more after the type of the higher 

 Carnivora^ than any other described species of the genus. 



' This paper was published in 1 836 

 in the ' Asiatic Researches,' vol. xix. p. 

 193, unaccompanied by illustrations. 

 The illustrations in PI. xxvi. are copied 

 from an unpublished plate (0.) of the 

 ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' executed 

 about twelve years later, and in which 

 the fossil is designated Hyanarctos 

 Sivalensis. In this plate are figured the 

 femur, radius, ulna, and other remains 



VOL. I. 



of the fossil in addition to those des- 

 cribed in this memoir. In the same 

 plate are figured the portion of an upper 

 jaw with four molars and a tibia of a 

 smaller species of Bear from the Ner- 

 budda, named Ursus Namadicits (see 

 PI. xxvi. fig. 6).— [Ed.] 



'■^ Underlined in pencil by Dr. F. — 

 [Ed.] 



