FOSSILS FROM PEEIM ISLAND. 393 



Eiver, and separated about 500 yards from the coast of Kat- 

 tiwar in Guzerat, by a channel which Captain Fulljames 

 states to be 75 fathoms deep. The island is about three 

 miles in circumference, being from one and a half to two 

 miles in length, and in breadth one half to three-quarters of 

 a mile. The only particulars regarding its structure, with 

 which I am acquainted, have been given by Captain Full- 

 james and Dr. Lush.^ The highest point of the land is said 

 to be not m.ore than 60 feet above high-water mark. The 

 western side presents cliffs of conglomerate, of about 30 feet 

 above the sea, ' the upper strata being of compact sandstone, 

 all perfectly horizontal.' ^ Captain Fulljames describes 

 the order of succession, commencing from the surface, as 

 thus : — 



1. Loose sand and gravel. 



2. Conglomerate, composed of sandstone, clay, and silex. 



3. Yellow and whitish clay, with nodules of sandstone. 



4. Conglomerate, as above (No. 2). 



5. Calcareo-siUceous sandstone, with a few fossils. 



6. Conglomerate. 



7. Indurated clay, more or less compact. 



8. Conglomerate, being the principal ossiferous bed. 



No precise measurement is given of these beds, but the 

 deepest strata of conglomerate are described to be about 3 

 feet thick, although in general they do not run more than 

 18 inches to 2 feet, and for the most part are horizontal, 

 ' On the western side of the island, however, the strata are 

 much disturbed, being fractured and dipping at an acute 

 angle to the east. On the southern end of the island, sand- 

 stone appears below the fossil stratum of conglomerate, 

 dipping to the north at an angle of 25°.' 'Capital fresh 

 water is procurable on the island, rising from 20 feet below 

 the surface; it is found below the stratum of sandstone.'* 

 Dr. Lush states that ' proceeding from the south point 

 towards the eastward, layers of kunkur are met with below 

 the sandstone.' He also adds that shells and other fossils 

 are found in the conglomerate, besides the osseous remains. 

 But none of those shells are to be seen in the specimens to 

 which I have been able to refer in the Geological Society's 

 collection or at the British Museum. 



Our mformation regarding the geological structure of both 

 sides of the Gulf of Cambay is at present exceedingly imper- 

 fect; but much may be expected when the unpublished 

 researches of the lamented Malcolmson are brought out, 

 as he is known to have carefully determined the succession 



^ Loc. citat. Lush, idem, vol. v. I '^ Lush, loc. citat. 

 p. 767. I ' Fulljames, loc. citat. 



