FOSSILS FEOM PEEIM ISLAND. 



4or 



the Eppelsheim cast measures 3*6 by 2-6. We have in this 

 excess of length conclusive proof that the Indian, like the 

 European species, possessed the remarkable character of 

 having the first true molar three-ridged, and more complex 

 in its form than the two backmost grinders. The crown is 

 so utterly mutilated as to afford no evidence regarding the 

 form of these ridges. The second or penultimate true molar 

 is nearly square in its plan outline, but more than half an 

 inch longer and wider than in the Em-opean species. The 

 tooth specimen described in the body of this paper was in- 

 ferred to be the penultimate inferior, and it was probably 

 derived from a female or small-sized individual. The remains 

 in the jaw appear to indicate that this tooth was two-ridged, 

 with a talon as in the European species. Of the third and 

 last molar only the anterior half remains, and we have no 

 direct proof how many ridges it bore ; but the number was 

 most probably two, with a talon, as in the European species. 

 The portion which remains presents two distinct and slightly 

 divaricating fangs, indicating, among many others which 

 could be added, another character of resemblance to the North 

 American Mastodon. 



The following are the dimensions of the fossil compared 

 with those of a cast of the jaw of the great head specimen, sup- 

 posed to have been a male, figured and described by Kaup : — 



r 



Length of the fragment ..... 

 Ditto of the four anterior teeth .... 

 Ditto of the first premolar ..... 



Width of ditto behind 



Length of 2nd ditto ...... 



Width of ditto behind 



Length of 3rd or first true molar tooth . 



Width of ditto behind 



Length of 4th tooth (2nd true molar) . 



Width of ditto 



Depth of jaw to alveolar margin at the 2nd 



premolar ....... 



Ditto at 3rd tooth (1st true molar) 



Width of jaw at 2nd premolar . . . . 



Ditto at the middle of 4th tooth (or penultimate 



true molar) ....... 



Distance between the upper margin mentary 



foramen and alveolus of 1st premolar 

 Ditto from inferior margin to ditto 



' N.B. The four measurements of | 

 Mastodon giganteus, given for compari- I 



son, are taken at points of the jaw corre- 

 sponding to those of the Binotheria. 



