DESCKIPTION OP PLATES. 429 



fi-ont; the second has the first four ridges well worn. The molars 

 consist of ten ridges and a large heel ridge, eleven in all. The tusks of 

 the opposite sides do not correspond, the left being nearly circular and 

 the right oval. One large sub-orbital foramen. 



Depth from back molar to the front at top of incisives, 1 7-5 in. Contraction of 

 mnzzle at sub-orbital foramen, 13-8 in. Breadth, outer surface maxillaries, 9-1 in. 

 Vertical diameter, left tusk, 5-7 in. Transverse diameter, 5-1 in. Greatest diameter, 

 right tusk, 6-2 in. Least, 4-3 in. Interval between teeth in front, 2-2 in. Behind, 

 at niche of palate, 3- in. Length of anterior (tirst true) molar, 4-1 in. Width, 27 in. 

 Number of ridges remaining, 5 and a heel. Length of left back molar, 8- in. 

 Width in front, 3- in. Number of ridges, 10 and a large heel. 



Figs. 2 and 2 a. — Elephas planifrons (misnamed E. Hysudricus in 

 plate). Very perfect specimen of lower jaw. Has three mentary fora- 

 mina on the right side, only two on the left ; none on either side' at the 

 symphysis. The beak is very deep and thick, and appears to have 

 terminated bluntly. The enamel is very thick. The teeth are certainly 

 the last of the lower jaw, with few points to the back ridges. The slope 

 of wear inclines very much from the outside inwards, the difference 

 being nearly | inch, at the third ridge of the left side. The front fang 

 portion has dropped out. Nine ridges remain in the left tooth ; on the 

 right side are the remains of ten or eleven. The teeth are very broad, 

 and there is considerable mesial expansion. — B.M. 



Extreme length of right side, 24- in. Divergence of rami behind, 21-6 in. Height 

 to front of alveolus, right side, 8-3 in. Greatest thickness behind, 6'7 in. Length 

 of right molar, 8-8 in. Greatest width, 3-8 in. Distance between the teeth in front, 

 2'8 in. Divergence of teeth behind, 5-6 in. 



Fig. 3. — Elephas Hysudricus. Lower jaw of small-sized adult. The 

 inside only of this specimen has been figured, and only the portion from 

 the last ridge backwards as a fragment. It is a very old jaw with the 

 last molar. The anterior part of the tooth had dropped out. The last 

 ten ridges remain, all of them worn. The enamel is thick, but very 

 much crimped, and the plates are close together. The condyle is 

 broad and very convex, and the long axis, instead of being transverse, 

 runs obliquely fore and aft. The edge connecting with coronoid 

 commences immediately below the condyle, instead of sloping down 

 with a narrow neck as in E. planifrons (See Plate XI. fig. 3). — B.M. 



Extremelengthof jaw, 19-in. Height of ramus to top of condyle, 177 in. Trans- 

 verse diameter of condyle, 4-5 in. Antero-posterior diameter, 2-8 in. Greatest 

 thickness of ramus behind, 57 in. Antero-posterior extent of ascending ramus, 

 9-6 in. Height to alveolus, 6-2 in. Length of remaining portion of molar 9-5 in. 

 Width, 3-1 in. 



Fig. 4 (and Plate XIII. A. fig. 7). — Elephas Hysudricus. Beautiful 

 specimen of entire lower jaw, with two molars. The number of plates 

 in the anterior molar is nine, with a front ridge and a small heel, inner 

 side. Nine plates of the next following tooth are seen in germ. From 

 H. F.'s collection. — B.M. 



Extreme length, including beak, 16-6 in. Extreme divergence of rami behind, 

 14-1 in. Height to alveolus, 4-4 in. Height of condyle, 1 1 -2 in. Antero-posterior 

 extent of ascending ramus, 7'4in. Greatest thickness behind, 3-8 in. Length of 

 anterior right molar, 5-4 in. Width, 2-3 in. From inner side of symphysis to tip 

 of beak, 3-3 in. 



Fig. 5. — Elephas Hysudricus. Extremely old lovrer jaw, right side, 

 with the last tooth nearly worn out, and showing about five remaining 



