430 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



plates extremely distorted. Belonged to an individual of small size. 

 The figure is chiefly intended to show the distortion. — B.M. 



Plate IX. 



Elephas planifrons (Falc. and Caut.), from the Sewahk hills. Front 

 view of skull, one-third of natural size. The forehead of this species 

 is very flat ; the naso-maxillary opening very small, and the occipital 

 fissure very low. — B.M, 



Plate X. 



Elephas planifrons. Fotir difierent views of same cranium as figured 

 in Plate IX. The last true molar is seen in germ and intact on the 

 right side, and well worn on the other, so that the corresponding tooth 

 on the right side of the lower jaw had probably been wanting. It has 

 eleven ridges and a heel. The pterygoids are very low. — -B.M. 



Extreme length of cranium from occiput to broken incisives, 25' in. Extreme 

 •width of occiput, 21-7 in. Height of occiput (condyles broken), 137 in. From- 

 middle of occipital notch to tip of nasals, 11- in. Transverse diameter of nasal 

 opening, 8'7 in. Vertical, 2-8 in. Interval from posterior orbital process to margin 

 of nasal opening (partly broken), 8'3 in. Estimated width at posterior orbital 

 processes, 27'8 in. Greatest contraction between the temporals, 14'7in. From 

 occiput to anterior margin of orbits, 20'7 in. Width of muzzle at orbital 

 foramina, 12'5in. Depth from surface of molar to brow at contraction between 

 the temporals, 16' in. Antero-posterior diameter of orbit, 4'6in. Transverse 

 ditto, 4-6 in. Length of right molar, 9-7 in. Greatest height of crown plates, 

 unworn, 4- in. Width of crown in worn tooth, 3'5 in. 



Plate XI. 



Fig. 1. — Elephas planifrons. Fine specimen of old palate, with last 

 molar of either side. A section was made of the right molar, which 

 consisted of ten ridges, back heel incliisive. The section showed the 

 anterior fang complete ; the enamel very thick ; general expansion of 

 the plates ; points in the plates very few, fewer even than in E. insignis. 

 Specimen in Mr. W. Ewer's collection (See note, page 433, No. 1). 



Length of last molar, left, II' in. Width in front, 4-5 in. Width at seventh 

 ridge, 3-5 in. Interval between the teeth in front, 2-6 in. Interval behind at niche 

 of palate, 5'4 in. 



Fig. 2. — E, planifrons. — Superb specimen of lower jaw. It has two 

 mental foramina placed, as in fig. 3, much worn in iront. The last true 

 molar is beautifully preserved on either side. They have thirteen 

 principal ridges, and a back heel and firont ridge ; enamel very thick ; 

 points few ; an intermediate mammilla, the detrition of which causes the 

 mesial expansion ; the tooth ciu^ves a good deal out. No long spout as 

 in E. Africanus. From Sir Proby Cautley's collection (See note, page 

 434, No. 2).— B.M. (Reproduced in Plate VI. of vol. ii.) 



Extreme length of jaw, 19-2 in. Divergence of rami behind (outer surfaces), 

 19- in. Height to auterio'r. margin of alveolus, 8- in. Greatest tliickness behind, 

 6-5 in. Interval between teeth in front, 3-6 in. Interval behind, 6-6 in. Length 

 of right molar, ll'S in. Width of right molar in front, 3- in. Width behind, 2-8 in. 



Fig. 3, — E. planifrons. Superb specimen of left half lower jaw, 

 entire. The coronoid crescent slopes downwards fi-om the condyle. 

 Crown of the tooth very low. Seven last plates of tooth only remain ; 

 great thickness of enamel and abundant cement, and mesial expansion ; 



