DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 



441 



Figs. 2, 2 a, and 2 h. — Elephas antiquus. * Second upper right milk 

 molar, with six ridges and a heel, from Grays, in Essex. — B.M. 

 Length, 2-4 in. Width, 1-3 in. 



Figs. 3 and 3 a. — E. primigenius, probably (sic). Small milk molar: 

 9 ridges. 



Fig. 4. — Elephas Africanus. Lower jaw of young animal with first, 

 or antepenultimate, and penultimate milk molars on both sides. The 

 right penultimate molar has six plates and a heel. This is the in- 

 teresting specimen figured and described by De Blainville. 



Length of jaw, 97 in. Length of penultimate right milk molar, 2-3 in. Width, 

 •9 in. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a. — Elephas Africanus. Penultimate right lower 

 molar, with eight ridges and a heel. The ridges are broad, and the 

 fangs supporting the five posterior ridges are confluent. 



Length, 7'4 in. Width of crown, 2-4 in. Height of crown at eighth plate, 

 3-4 in. 



Fig. 6. — Elejjhas prisons. Mutilated fragment of penultimate 

 lower molar, left side, from the brick-earth deposits of the valley of the 

 Thames. Shows only the entire discs of five partially worn ridges. 

 The outline of the discs coiTesponds very closely in form with those of 

 the posterior ridges of the larger specimen from Gray's Thurrock, 

 shown in fig. 7. There is the same mesial angular expansion, and a 

 still greater tendency to the discs assuming a crescentic form. The 

 mutilated state of the specimen renders its identification somewhat 

 doubtful, but it is inferred to belong to E. priscus. — No. 18,966 B.M. 

 Length, 6- in. Width, 3- in. Height behind, 2-8 in. 

 Figs. 7 and 7 a. — Elephas priscus. This is a most interesting spe- 

 cimen from Gray's Thiirrock, purchased from Mr. Ball, of last lower 

 molar, left side, containing eight ridges, heel inclusive. It is slightly 

 concave on the outside, and convex on the inner side. A small portion 

 of the anterior end — two plates, perhaps — is broken off. The fangs of 

 the whole of the anterior part remain attached. The seven anterior 

 plates are worn down to wide discs ; the hind talon has also begun to 

 wear. Is excessively like African Elephant in lozenge-shaped expan- 

 sion, and in the thickness of the enamel lamellae. The rhomb form is 

 not so sharply defined in the discs of wear, but the greatest expansion 

 is at the centre, where there is a tendency to an outlying loop ( Vide 

 fig. 5). Besides the great expansion, this tooth differs from all true 

 E. antiquus specimens in tlie lowness of the crown ridges {Vide PI. 

 XIV. A., passim, and especially fig. 8). If not a separate species, is a 



, very marked variety. — No. 39,370 B.M. 



Fig. 7 b. — Longitudinal section of same molar of E. priscus. Shows 

 the closest relation to the existing African Elephant (PI. II. fig. 4 b,) in 

 aU that relates to the relative proportions of the alternate layers of 

 ivory, enamel, and cement, and in the cuneiform character of the 



|ridges.2 (Reproduced in Plate VII. of vol. ii.) 



Length of molar, 7'8 in. Width of crown at first plate, 2-35 in. ; at second, 



! 2-6 in. ; at third, 275 in.; at fourth, 28 in. ; at fifth, 27 in.; at sixth, 2-45 in.; 



,at seventh, 1-8 in.; at talon, 1-3 in. Height at seventh plate, 2-5 in. Expansion 



' Misnamed Elephas meridionalis in 

 Plate. See notes pages 438 and 443. 

 ^ The differences between E. priscus 



and E. Africanus are considered in de- 

 tail in Dr. F.'s Memoir on Fossil Ele- 

 phants, vol. ii. 



