DESCRIPTION OP PLATES. 451 



Figs. 2 and 2 a.~E. insignis. Third milk molar, upper jaw, in situ, 

 in same young skull as fig. 1. Length, 4-8 in. — B.M. 



Fig. 3. — E. insignis. Vertical section of third milk molar, in situ, 

 in a very young cranium, which also contains first and second milk 

 molars (fig. 1) and penultimate tusk on left side. — B.M. 



Figs. 4 and 4 a. — E. insignis. Fragment of skull, showing palate, 

 with two molars on either side ; the first (third milk) molars well worn. 

 The first true molar has seven ridges and a heel. — B.M. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a. — E. insignis. Fragment of upper jaw with two 

 molars. Very similar to specimen of E. insignis (PI. XXIV. fig. 6). 

 The molars are first and second true. — B.M. 



Figs. 6 and 6 a. — E. insignis. Portion of fine head with two back 

 molars. A small piece only of the front tooth remaining. The last 

 tooth has eleven ridges and a heel and a great abundance of cement ; 

 the five fi-ont ridges are worn. The fossa between the tusk-sheaths is 

 very deep and narrow, as in the other specimens of this species, an 

 outward twist in the sheaths marking the curvature of the tusks. — B.M. 



Length of the two teeth, 125 in. Length of last tooth only, 1 1 • in. ; width, 3-8 in. 

 Interval between teeth in front, 1-2 in. Interval at niche behind, 47 in. Height 

 of pterygoids to palate, 10'4 in. 



Fig. 7. — E. insignis. Transverse section of young tusk in situ, in 

 same cranium as figs. 1, 2, and 3. 



Plate XIX. A. 



Figs. 1 and 1 a. — Elephas insignis. Fragment of upper jaw with 



two molars ; the front one much worn ; the last has seven ridges. 



Very doubtful whether they are the second and third milk molars, or 



the third milk and first true molar ; in all p'robability the latter. — B.M. 



Length of front tooth, 3-6 in. Width, 1-8 in. Length of back tooth, 5-5 in. 

 Width, 27 in. 



Figs. 2 and 2 a. — E. insignis. Portion of small head, showing palate 

 with two last molars on both sides. The front tooth has seven ridges, 

 all worn but the last ; the last has eleven ridges and a front and back 

 heel, and its plates are very compressed, showing nine to ten denticles, 

 —B.M. 



Length of penultimate, 6-6 in. Width, 3-1 in. Length of last tooth, 11"3 in. 

 Width, 3-4 in. 



Figs. 3 and 3 a — E. insignis. Portion of very large skull. In this 

 splendid specimen some of the characteristic marks of the species are 

 shown, and especially the enormous height of the pterygoids, which are 

 10*2 inches from the Vidian hole to the summit, wrap over the maxil- 

 laries, and run up forming a very strong crested ridge into the base of 

 the orbit. Posteriorly, they form a flat disc-like surface, 3'8 inches 

 broad. There are also the indications of very deep trunk fossa. The 

 last left molar has nine ridges and a heel ; a portion in front has dropped 

 out. The corresponding tooth on right side is very imperfect. — B.M. 



Length of last molar, 107 in. Width at fifth ridge, 4- in. Interval between 

 teeth in front, 2-5 in. Interval between teeth behind, 4-5 in. Length of palate, 

 from niche to commencement of diastema, 12'3 in. Height of pterygoids, 10'2 in. 

 Width of pterygoids outside, 9 '5 in. Width of flattened surface of pterygoids, 

 3'8 in. 



Figs. 4 and 4 a. — E. insignis. This, though mutilated, is a superb 

 and characteristic specimen of the skull. It shows the concavity of the 



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