458 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



Figs. 6 and 6 a. — E. Ganesa. Portion of lower jaw, left side, with 

 fragment of last true molar, showing anterior 9 ridges. 



Length of tooth fragment, 9'3 in.; greatest width, 3'8 in. 



Figs. 7 and 7 a. — E. Ganesa. Lower jaw, right side, with last molar. 

 Shows the back part of the tooth, on to the anterior large fang. — B.M. 



Length of fragment of jaw, 18* in. Length of fragment of tooth, 8'6 in. ; width, 

 3-3 in. 



Plate XXVI. 



Elephas homhifrons (Falc. and Caut.). From the Sewalik hills. 

 Anterior view of large head. — B.M. 



Extreme length from occipital to broken incisive, 34'2 in. Length from occi- 

 pital to commencement of diasteme, 32'2 in. Occiput to tips of nasals, 16'2 in. 

 Middle of naso-maxillary fissiu-e, 14"7 in. Semi-diameter of brow at the post- 

 orbitary, 12-2 in. Width of brow at post-orbitary, 24'4 in. Width of muzzle at 

 contraction near orbitary foramen, 16'8 in. Width of inter-incisive fossa, 53 in.; 

 depth of fossa below incisive sheaths, 6- in. Greatest contraction of brow, 13-3 in. 

 Antero-posterior diameter of orbit, 6' in. Width of palate in front, 2' in. Width 

 of palate at middle, 4'5 in. Width of palate behind, 4-6 in. Height of pterygoid, 

 11'2 in. Transverse diameter of left tusk, 3'3 in. 



Plate XXVII. 

 Elephas homhifrons (Falc. and Caut.). Very fine and perfect skull, 

 anterior view. Four other views of same skull are given in Plate 

 XXVIII. This head is very marked ; it is convex from occiput to 

 fi:ont and also across, and is very narrow at the temporal contraction. 

 The bounding ridges sweep round by a bold curve into the post- 

 orbitary processes, as in E. meridionalis. There is a deep furrow 

 between the tusks. The nasal opening for the trunk is above the 

 line (or nearly so) of the post-orbitary processes of the frontal bone. 

 Above the inira-orbitary foramen on the right side there is another 

 smaller opening. (On a proof copy of the plate this species is designated 

 Elephas intermedins, or Mastodon Elephanto'ides of Chft.) — B.M. 



Extreme length from occiput to broken incisives, 27' in. Erom occipital condyles 

 to anterior border of alveolus of molar, 23'2 in. Vertical length of head from broken 

 condyle to tip of occiput, 17"7in. Greatest width of occiput, 25o in. Interval 

 between auditory foramina, 21'5in. From anterior margin occipital foramen to 

 t?e posterior surface palate, 14- in. Length of palate from niche to the downward 

 herd of tusk-sheaths, 12-5 in. Interval between outer surface of teeth, behind, 9'8 in. 

 Int. between outer surf, teeth, in front, 9- in. Length of right molar, 1 0'2 in. Width 

 in front pf molar, 3'7 in. Width behind, 3"4 in. Interval between molars, in front, 1 • in. 

 Interval behind, extremely divergent, 4-2 in. ; number of ridges 9 and a heel, 8 front 

 worn. From occiput (middle) to tip of nasals, 1 3'8 in. Width of brow across post- 

 orbitary processes, 22-4 in. Greatest contraction temporal fossa, 10'8 in. Trans- 

 verse diameter nasal opening, 11 '3 in. Depth of nasal opening at sides, 2'5 in. In- 

 terval between middle of orbits, 19'5 in. Vertical height of orbit, 4-6 in. Height 

 from posterior surface palate to the middle of bulge of frontal, 23'5 in. From the 

 anterior margin orbit to surface of occiput, 20' in. Width across incisive sheaths 

 at base, 12'6in. ; interval between, about middle, 2-8 in. Depth of fossa between 

 inc. sh., 4- in. Vertical diameter left tusk, 3'6 in. Transverse diameter of left 

 tusk, 3'3in. 



Plate XXVIII. 



Fig. 1. — Elephas homhifrons. Lateral view of same skull, as figured 

 in Plate XXVII.— B.M. 



Fig. 2. — 5J. homhifrons. Palate view of same sktxll, showing sections of 

 tusks, and last ? true molar on either side, with 9 ridges and a heel ; 



