576 EEPOET OF EXPEDITIOX 



mercial value, detected in course of the journey, have also been 

 introduced. Of seeds, 587 sorts were collected in Cashmeer 

 and Tibet, in 1838, sets of which have been forwarded to 

 different destinations in England and the Continent of 

 Europe.^ 



27. In zoology, the collection comprises 234 skins of birds, 

 chiefly aquatic ; 30 specimens mammalia, chiefly ruminants, 

 among which the following are believed to be new or unde- 

 scribed, viz. one species of Cervus, two of Capra, one of 

 Moschus.^ 



28. In geology, specimens illustrative of the geognostic 

 structure of the salt range in Afghanistan, of the valley of 

 the Indus near Attock, and of Cashmeer and the surround- 

 ing mountains. Of general results in this department I may 

 mention the detection in Cashmeer, at the north-western end 

 of the valley, of proofs of a limited volcanic region of a 

 modern date.^ 



I have, &c., 



H. Ealcgnee,, M.D. 

 SuHAETTNPOOK : April 18, 1839. 



APPENDIX TO REPORT OF EXPEDITION TO CASHMEER. 



(mANITSCBIPT MEM0R4.>rDA. BY DR. FALCONEE). 



I. — On the Cervus Cashiieerianus ^ (Falc.) or Hangool. 



Characters of J/o/e.— Horns round, with three anterior antlers, 

 directed to the front and curving upwards; summit terminating in a 

 fork, witli the snags pointing riglit and left ; broad muzzle ; large sub- 

 orbital sinus ; canines in both sexes ; tail considerable ; colour dark- 

 brown and grey ; neck shaggy but not maned ; insides of the thighs 

 white ; a white edge on the buttocks and fringing the tail ; no disc 

 on the rump ; stature large (equal to, that of Cervus Hi2)pelaphus). 



' To botany I have made great addi- i conditions of climate; are.' — Letter to 



tions, but it is the distribution of the 

 vegetable kir.gdom, or the philosophy 

 of botany, that has yielded me most 

 fruit. Conceive there not being an oak, 

 or a rhododendron, &e., in Cashmeer ! 

 There are thousands of them on the 

 ascent up to Peerpungal, but the moment 

 you cross the crest, the botany becomes 

 pm-elj' Tibetian, and loses its exclusive 

 Indian or rather Himalayan ehnracter. 

 Then as jou advance towards Tibet, it 



Captain Cavtley, Cashmeer, January \\, 

 1838.— [Ed.] 

 ■■^ See Appendix. — [Ed.] 

 ' See page 567, note. — [Ed.] 

 * Skulls of the male and female Han- 

 gool were presented to the British Mu- 

 seum by Dr. Falconer. In the letter 

 acknowledging their receipt, dated Sep- 

 tember 22, 1846, the species was erro- 

 neously designated Crvus Caspcrianv.s, 

 and this error has been perpetuated in the 



becomes more and more Tartaric till it i BritishMuseum Catalogue of Mammalia, 

 gradually merges into that of the Altai I where (at p. 199) the species is desig- 



range and Siberia. You can conceive 

 how interesting the development of 

 general laws of this sort, dependent on 



nated Cervus Casperianiis, and C. Cash- 

 merensis. {Falconer, MSS.) — [Ed.] 



