I. ON THE SPECIES OF MASTODON AND ELEPHANT 

 OCCURRING IN THE FOSSIL STATE IN GREAT 

 BRITAIN. 



BY H. FALCONER, M.D. 



PART I. MASTODON.' 



INTRODUCTION : — GENERIC DISTINCTIONS AND NOMENCLATURE OP THE 

 PROBOSCIDEA DINOTHERIUM — MASTODON AND ELEPHAS : — THE DIS- 

 TINCTIVE AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERS OF MASTODON AND ELEPHAS : 

 — THE BRITISH FOSSIL MASTODON, AND ITS COMPARISON WITH M. 

 ANGUSTTDENS, M. ARVERNENSIS, AND M. LONGIROSTRIS — M. ANGUSTI- 

 DENS — M. ARVERNENSIS AND M. LONGIROSTRIS : — BRITISH SPECIMENS 



OF MASTODON — MOLARS — PREMOLARS — MILK MOLARS LOWER JAW : 



— GEOLOGICAL AGE OF THE MASTODONS MASTODON ANGUSTIDENS, 



M. LONGIROSTRIS, AND M. ARVERNENSIS — MASTODON OF THE CRAG 

 IN PARTICULAR: — CONCLUSION. 



Introduction. — It is of the highest importance to Geology, 

 that every mammal found in the fossil state should be de- 

 fined as regards, 1st, its specific distinctness, and, 2ndly, its 

 range of existence geographically and in time, with as much 

 exactitude as the available materials and the state of our 

 knowledge at the time will admit. Every form well ascer- 

 tained becomes a powerful exponent ; while, ill-determined, 

 it is a fertile source of error. For the pure Geologist, in 

 most of his conclusions where age or climatal conditions are 

 in question, is more or less at the mercy of the Palaeonto- 

 logist, since he must accept the palseontological evidence as 

 it is laid before him, and square his speculations to fit and 

 dovetail into the various mortises which the data inexorably 

 present to him. There is a subordination in the value of 

 the evidence : the higher the form in the scale of organiza- 

 tion, the more weighty is the import of its indications. 



1 This paper was communicated to the 

 Geological Society of London on April 

 8, 1857, and was published in the ' Quar- 

 terly Journal of the Geological Society ' 

 for November 1857, from which it is here 

 reprinted with additions. The illustra- 



VOL. II. 



tions in Plates III. and IV. have been 

 reproduced from those which accompa- 

 nied the original memoir. The outline 

 heads in Plates I. and II. have been 

 copied from Plates XLII. to XLV. of 

 the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.' — [Ed.] 



