OF MASTODON AND ELEPHANT. 



Geological Age 



Country 



Pliocene . 

 Upper Miocene 

 Post-Pliocene . 



Upper Miocene 



Upper Miocene 

 Post-Pliocene ? 



Pliocene ? 



Upper Miocene 

 Miocene . 

 Pliocene ? 



Miocene . 

 Pliocene . 

 Miocene . 



Miocene . 



Miocene . 

 Miocene . 



Miocene and 

 Pliocene 



Miocene . 



Pliocene . 

 Pliocene . 



Existing . 



Miocene . 



Pliocene . 

 Pliocene . 



Post -Pliocene ? 

 Existing; . 



Remarks 



Post-Pliocene 



France ; Piedmont 

 France ; Switzerland . 

 North America 



\ France ; Germany ; Switzer- 



\ land . " . 



France 



South America 



Southern India 



Germany : Eppelsheim 

 Southern India ; Ava 

 South America 



Southern and Western India 

 England; France; Italy 

 India : Sewalik Hills . 



Southern India ; Ava . 



India : Sewalik Hills . 

 India : Sewalik Hills . 



J Sewalik Hills and Central 

 India 



India : Sewalik Hills . 



England ; France ; Italy 

 England ; Lombardy . 



Africa .... 



India : Sewalik Hills . 



England ; France ; Italy 

 Central India 



Mexico; Georgia ; Alabama 

 India .... 



Armenia : Erzeroom 



i Europe, Asia, and North i 

 \ America . ■ l 



Syn. Mastodon Buffonis (Pomel) 



Syn. M. Turicensis (Schinz, juxta Von Meyer) 



Syn. M. maximus (Cuv.) ; M. giganteus (Aue- 



torum). (PI. I. fig. 2, and PL II. fig. 2.) 

 Syn. M. Simorrense (Lart.) ; M. Cuvieri (Po- 



mel). (PI. II. fig. 3, and PI. III. figs. 3 and 4) 



An Syn. M. Australis of Owen (?) ; of reputed 

 Australian origin ! ' 



Imperfectly known, but very distinct as a 

 species ; is the only Indian Trilophodon 

 (PL XXXIV. figs. 6 & 7 of vol i.) 



(PL II. fig. 8, and Plate in. figs. 1 and 2) 



(PI. II. fig. 9) 



Large inferior incisors, one or two. The sub- 

 genus doubtful. (PL I. fig. 3, PL II. fig. 4, 

 and Plate VIII. of vol. i.) 



Hitherto found only in Perim Island, (PL I. fig. 

 4, PL II. fig. 5, and PL IX. of vol. i.figs. 3-6) 



Syn. M. brevirostre (Gervais). (PI. II. fig. 7, 

 and Plate IV.) 



The only known species indicating a Pentalo- 

 phodon-type. (PL I. fig. 5, PI. II. fig. 6, 

 Plate IX. of vol. L. figs. 1 and 2, and PL X. 

 of vol. i.) 



Syn. M. latidens (Clift. pro parte). (PL II. 



fig. 10, and PL V. figs. 1 & 2) 

 (PL I. fig. 6, and Plate II. fig. 11) 

 Distinctness as a species doubtful. (PL I. fig. 7> 



and PL II. fig. 12) 

 Found in both the Valley of the Nerbudda 



{Pliocene) and Sewalik Hills {Miocene). 



(PL I.figs. 8, 8 a, & 8 b, PL II. figs. 13 & 13 a, 



and PL V. figs. 3 & 4) 

 The only Elephant in which premolars have 



been met with. (PL I. fig. 9, PL II. fig. 14, 



and PL VI. fig. 2) 

 (PL I. fig. 11, PL II. fig. 16, and PL VIII.) 

 Imperfectly known. Fossil remains rare. 



(PL VII.) 

 (PL I. fig. 10, PL II. fig. 15, and PL VI. fig. 1) 



(PI. I. figs. 12 & 12a, and PL II. figs. 17 & 17 a) 



(PL IX.) 



Restricted to the Pliocene Fauna of the Valley 

 of the Nerbudda, Central India. (PL I. fig. 1 3, 

 and PL II. fig. 18) 



An Syn. E. Jacksoni? (Silim. Journ. 1838, vol. 

 xxxiv. p. 363). (PL X. figs. 1 & 2) 



Syn. E. Sumatramcs (Temminck). (PL I. 

 figs. 14, 14 a, & 14 b, PL II. figs. 19, 19 a, & 

 19 6, and PL VI. fig. 3) 



In the Brit. Mus. Coll. Discovered between 

 Erzeroom and Moosh in 1856. The molar 

 plates closely approximated, and the ena- 

 mel edges very undulated (PL X. fig. 3) 



(Plate I. fig. 15, PL II. fig. 20, and PL VI. 

 fig. 4.) 



* Dr. Falconer was afterwards inclined to think that Mastodon AniJium would have to be replaced in the sub- 

 genus Trilophodon, in which he had placed it in 1846. (See vol. i. p. 99, and memoir on Elephas Golumbi.)— [Ed.] 



* Loxodon priscus was afterwards regarded by Dr. Falconer as a form of Elephas antiquus. E. Melitensis, Falc. 

 (Plates XI. and XII.), however, or the pigmy Fossil Elephant of Malta, was subsequently added by him to the 

 subgenus Loxodon.— [Ed.] 



