26 BEIT1SH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL MASTODONS. 



name (M. angustidens) to the Siniorre form, for which it was 

 devised by Cuvier. 



The views which we entertain were partially disclosed in 

 the first part of the letter-press of the ' Fauna Antiqua 

 Sivalensis,' and fully elucidated in the four plates of outline 

 heads (from Plate XLIL to Plate XLV. of Part 5 of the Illus- 

 trations), 1 where a synopsis is given of all the species, fossil 

 and recent, then known. The forms included under the 

 nominal species of M. angustidens of Cuvier are there ranged 

 as distinct species, namely : 



M. (Triloph.) angustidens. 



M. (Triloph.) Andium. 



M. (Tetraloph.) longirostris. 



M. (Tetraloph.) Arvernensis. 



The only change which subsequent investigation on fresh 

 materials has led us to make, is to transfer M. Andium from 

 the subgenus Trilophodon into that of Tetralophodon, for 

 reasons which it is not necessary to detail on the present 

 occasion. 2 Of these forms, the only one which I believe has 

 been met with in the fossil state in England is M. [Tetralo- 

 phodon) Arvernensis (Plate TV.) ; and I shall now proceed to 

 the consideration of the evidence in support of this conclusion. 



British specimens of Mastodon. — Remains of two out of the 

 three species of Mastodon with which we are chiefly concerned 

 now — viz., M. [Trilophodon) angustidens, M. [Tetralophodon) 

 longirostris, and M. [Tetralophodon) Arvernensis — have been 

 discovered on the Continent, in the localities where they 

 prevail, in such a perfect condition, that very little remains 

 to be desired in regard to their entire osteology. The skele- 

 ton of M. [Trilophodon) angustidens from Seissan, set up in 

 the Gallery of Comparative Anatomy in Paris, is so complete 

 in every, respect, from the cranium down to the digital pha- 

 langes, that it may be compared, bone for bone, throughout 

 the frame, with the skeletons of the African and Indian 

 Elephants which adjoin it. Of M. [Tetralojjh.) Arvernensis, 

 a nearly entire skeleton was disclosed by a railway excavation 

 at Dusino, near Asti in Piedmont, and is now deposited in 

 the Turin Museum. It is deficient only in the cranial por- 

 tion of the head, right hind-leg, part of the scapula and 

 pelvis, and some of the bones of the carpus and tarsus. The 

 upper and lower jaws, with the tusks entire to their tips, are 

 preserved ; and Prof. Sismonda was only deterred by the 

 brittle condition of the bones from attempting to reconstruct 

 the whole. A skeleton of the same species, nearly as perfect, 

 which I have examined, was discovered in the lower Val 



1 See Plates I. & II. of this volume, z See Note 3 to Synoptical Table.— 

 and page 47G of vol. i. — [Ed.] [Ed-] 



