GEOLOGICAL AGE OF MASTODONS. 45 



America, M. (Trilophodon) Ohioticus. Cuvier found that the 

 latter differed from the Elephant in having a more elongated 

 carcass sustained upon shorter, thicker, and more rohust legs. 1 

 The Crag M. (Tetralophodon) Arvemensis appears to have 

 had a heavy carcass, with legs still shorter in proportion, 

 approaching more the character of the Hippopotamus, and to 

 have been without lower tusks. The Eppelsheim Miocene 

 species, M. (Tetralophodon) longirostris, would appear to have 

 resembled the Crag species in its general proportions ; but 

 the necessary detailed comparison has not yet been sufficiently 

 carried out ; it is distinguished at once by the possession of 

 inferior tusks. On the other hand, the Miocene M. (Trilopho- 

 don) angustidens differed remarkably from both in presenting 

 a comparatively slender build throughout ; so that it stood 

 higher in proportion, and with longer limbs, than either the 

 Indian or African Elephants. This is well exhibited by the 

 mounted skeleton in the Paris Museum. 



Geological Age of the Mastodons (M. angustidens, M. longiros- 

 tris, and M. Arvemensis). — I shall now consider the geological 

 ao-e and associated faunas of the formations in which these 

 pecies severally occur. 



M. (Trilophodon) angustidens is a characteristic species of 

 the Miocene Falunian beds throughout Europe. It has been 

 met with in immense abundance in the lacustrine deposits of 

 Gascony and Languedoc ; in the Faluns of Touraine and the 

 Orleannais ; in the Miocene Molasse of Switzerland, more 

 especially in the lignites of Ellg, Kcepfnach and Buchberg, 

 and in the sandstone in the neighbourhood of Winterthur ; 

 in the Georgensgniund Miocene in Germany ; and in the lig- 

 nite of Gandino in the Val Seriana of Lombardy. The mam- 

 malian genera and species with which it was associated are 

 very constant, although, for obvious reasons, they have not 

 been found equally or uniformly distributed all over the area. 

 In the French Falunian deposits there occur If. (Trilophodon) 

 Tapiro'ides, a species first conjecturally named by Cuvier, but 

 subsequently made out well by MM. Pomel, Lartet, and other 

 French palaeontologists ; Dinotheriwm giganteum, or the smaller 

 variety, as I consider it, called D. Cuvieri, Chalicotherium 

 Goldfussi, Anchitherium Aurelianense, Aceratherium incisivum 

 (Rhinoceros tetradactylus, Lartet), Aceratherium Goldfussi 

 (Bhinoc.brachypus, Lartet), Rhinoceros 8ansaniensis,Lophio- 

 chwrus Blainvillii,Macrotherium giganteum,Dicrocerus and Dor- 

 catherinm, &c; besides various Carnivorous forms, large and 

 small, with remains of Chelonian genera, together with 

 scanty indications of Crocodile. 2 



1 Oss. Foss. 4to edit. torn. i. p. 249. 



2 Lartet, ' Notice sur la Colline de Sansan.' 



