70 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL MASTODONS. 



Constriction at base between 1st and 2nd ridges, 23 in. Constriction between 

 2nd and 3rd ridges, 2-5 in. 



The last true molar is in germ, and shows only the two anterior 

 ridges, the posterior half being broken off. The points are very high 

 and convergent, the outermost on either side the largest. The bridge 

 connecting the 1 st and 2nd ridges, across the valley, consists of numerous 

 minute mammilla?, chiefly connected with the posterior surface of the 

 1st ridge. 



4th. The tooth, fig. 7 of Schinz's Plate I., shows nearly a square 

 crown, with four discs of wear, indicating four points. It is of the right 

 side, and appears to be the 2nd milk molar upper right, as it bears a 

 well marked impression of disc of pressure, both in front and behind, 

 showing that it had acted on a tooth in front, and had also been pushed 

 from behind. It has a well mai-ked basal bourrelet. 



Length of crown (about) 1*5 in. Width of crown (about) 1-45 in. 



Although worn there is very little difference of level between the 

 enamel and ivory of the disc depressions. 



Schinz's figure is tolerably good. The tooth is described by him 

 as being from Elgg; but this is denied by himself on inquiry, and 

 also denied by Mons. Escher de la Linth. It is stated to be from 

 Kcepfhach. 



5th. Examined also a beautiful little detached germ-tooth, correspond- 

 ing very closely with Schinz's fig. 8, with a complex oval converging 

 crown. It is intact, and as it bears no disc of pressure either in front 

 or behind, although the fangs are well developed, I regard it as the 

 upper vertical successional premolar, which pushed out the second 

 above. But it is very much smaller than the ascertained premolar of 

 the lower jaw, and may therefore be the first milk molar upper jaw. 

 The fangs are double and well developed. It is from Kcepfhach. 

 Length of crown, 1-3 in. Width of crown about 1* in. 



I have not been able to find the specimen fig. 3 of Schinz, described 

 by him as an ' Elgg Mastodon.' 



6th. Examined also two superb fragments of the extremity of the tusk 

 of a Mastodon from Kcepfhach. 



One of these measures 18 inches in length. It is remarkable in two 

 respects : 1st, that the upper concave side is gradually compressed into 

 a trenchant edge, the transverse section being pyriform ; 2nd, that, when 

 the outer layer is removed, the surface below shows the grooves of broad 

 channelling, noticed by Cuvier, and figured by Schinz. The grooving 

 is especially shown on a flattened surface, near the point on one side. 

 Length about 18- in. Depth at thick end, 4-2 in. Width, 2-8 in. 



The upper edge is so sharpened off as to be like a keel to the concave 

 side. I have seen nothing like it in any other Mastodon. The ivory is 

 as black as the lignite, and so light and altered that it seldom shows 

 the guilloclie, or engine-turning. I could not make out that there is 

 enamel, but it may be there. Some other fragments nearer the base 

 are oval in section, and not pyriform. 



Vertical diameter, 4 - 7 in. Transverse diameter, 3'7 in. 1 



1 Extract from letter to M. Lartet, dated 

 Sep. 30, 1856 :— 



' In the hurried note which I sent you 

 from Toulouse I forgot to mention that 



