74 BEITISH AND EUEOPEAN FOSSIL MASTODONS. 



abraded into little round discs, showing that it had been in wear, and 

 that the anterior ridges must have been worn. The talon is of two 

 points, exactly as in Plate XL. fig. 7, of the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.' 

 The tubercles of the last ridge are 4 or 5 ; the outer and inner are very 

 blunt. The intermediate mammilla; are not shown. 



Extreme length right lower jaw from beak to posterior edge of ascending ramus, 

 23' in. Length of beak from broken tip of ineisives to posterior curve of symphysis, 

 6 - 4 in. Height of jaw below the 1st small molar, 3'15 in. Width of jaw below 

 (about) 1*8 in. Length of crown, 2'7o in. Width at base of last ridge, l - 75 in. 



This tooth I infer to be the third milk molar evidently of M. angus- 

 ticlens, but there is certainly no premolar below it. It must be added, 

 however, that the fangs press clown into the dentary canal leaving no room. 

 Taking into account the great length of the crown of the tooth B, which 

 could have three ridges, is it possible that that tooth is the third or last 

 milk molar, and this one the first true molar ? This matter must be well 

 weighed. (See a?itea, p. 39, note 1.) 



The vertical height of the corresponding tooth is well seen on the right 

 side entire, and of three ridges; but the top of the crown is not shown. 

 The length is estimated to be about 2 - 8 in. to 2 - 85 in. 



E. — Behind the tooth D, on the right side, but embedded in the 

 posterior part of the alveolar cavity in the angle of the ascending ramus, 

 is seen the enamel-shell of a germ which shows three ridges. The side 

 of it only is seen, and imperfectly, without the talons. The visible part 

 of the three ridges measures in length about three inches ; it is therefore 

 a small tooth, and probably the first true molar. On the left side a 

 transverse section view is had of one of the ridges, giving a width of only 

 17 in. to the crown. This ridge is seen to consist only of four distinct 

 obtuse tubercles in two pairs ; the outermost is the largest, with the well- 

 marked form of 31. angustidens. 



The left incisive gives a vertical section of about l'l in. 



It is very much compressed with a sort of reniform groove to the 

 inner side. The surface is very much channelled superficially. 



The anterior part of the lower jaw is very narrow and compressed, as 

 in the Paris specimen. It was discovered last year (1855) in a sand- 

 stone quarry about a mile from Winterthur, at a place called Veltheim 

 Quarry, embedded in a fine grained greyish sandstone, nearly hori- 

 zontal, being the Upper Molasse. The matrix is exactly like the tunnel 

 specimen at Zurich. 



Found fragment also of what I believe to be the upper tusks, super- 

 ficially channelled : 



Transverse? diameter, 1*0 in. Vertical? or smaller, 06 in. 



C. Mastodon from America. 

 Extract of Letter from Br. Falconer to M. Lartet, September 12, 1856. 



' At Genoa I saw a cast of a large lower jaw of a Mastodon from 

 Mexico, with an enormous bee abruptly deflected downwards and con- 

 taining one very large lower incisor. The beak is much thicker than in 

 M. (Trilophodon) angustidens and larger than in M. (Tetralophodoii) lon- 

 girostris. You know that eveiy one (Laurillard, Gervais, &c.) has 

 insisted on the absence of the lower incisors from both of the South 



