7G 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



II. ON THE SPECIES OF MASTODON" AND ELEPHANT 

 OCCUEEING IN THE FOSSIL STATE IN GEEAT 

 BEITAIN. 



PART II. ELEPHANT. 



INTRODUCTION II. SUBGENERA OF ELEPHAS III. CHARACTERS OF 



STEGODONS : 1. ELEPHAS (STEG.) CLIFTII 2. ELEPHAS (STEG.) INSIGNIS 



IV. PENTALOPHODON V. CHARACTERS OF LOXODONS : — 1. AFRICAN 



ELEPHANT 2. ELEPHAS (LOX.) PLANIFRONS 3. ELEPHAS (LOX.) PRISCUS 



4. ELEPHAS (LOX.) MERIDIONALIS A. TUSCAN SPECIMENS B. BRITISH 



SPECIMENS — VI. CHARACTERS OF EUELEPHAS : 1. INDIAN ELEPHANT 



2. ELEPHAS (EUEL.) PRIMIGENIUS 3. ELEPHAS (EUEL.) ANTIQUUS 



VII. GEOLOGICAL AGE OF ELEPHANTS. 



In the remarks introductory to the preceding part of this 

 essay I adverted to the importance, for sound reasoning in 

 geology, that every Mammal found in the fossil state should 

 be determined specifically with precision, and I endeavoured 

 to illustrate the point by the entanglement and confusion of 

 the Faunas of the Miocene and Pliocene periods, which had 

 arisen from so many distinct forms of different ages having 

 been ranged by Cuvier and later palaeontologists under the 

 common name of Mastodon angustidens. 



1 This memoir 'was communicated to 

 the Geological Society of London on 

 June 3, 1857, and an abstract of it was 

 published in the ' Quart. Jour. Geol. 

 Soc.,' vol. xiv. p. 81. The publication 

 of the paper, in extenso, was postponed 

 in order that the author might incorpo- 

 rate the results of further investigations, 

 and, unfortunately, this had not been 

 effected at the time of his death in Janu- 

 ary 1865. In August 1865, the memoir 

 was published in a very imperfect form 

 in the 'Quarterly Journal of the Geo- 

 logical Society,' the entire description of 

 Elephas antiquits, &e., portion of that 

 Elephasprimigcnius, together with all the 

 general conclusions, being wanting. The 

 description of E. antiquus and a por- 



tion of that of E. primigenius appear 

 never to have been written ; but an 

 attempt has now been made to remedy 

 these omissions by extracts from Dr. 

 F.'s Note-Books. The manuscript of 

 the concluding portions of the paper, 

 which treats of the bearing of the fossil 

 elephants, regarded as distinct species 

 upon the classification of the newer ter- 

 tiary strata, was discovered among Dr. 

 F.'s papers, subsequently to the appear- 

 ance of the first part of the paper in 

 August 1865, and is now for the first 

 time published. The illustrations have 

 been obtained from the ' Fauna Antiqua 

 Sivalensis,' and from the sources speci- 

 fied in each case. — [Ed.] 



