e. (stegodon) insignis. 



85 



Cliffs Memoir (Geol. Trans., vol. ii. 2nd series). It is there de- 

 scribed as an upper molar tooth of Mastodon Elephantoidcs, 

 under which title Mr. Clift included specimens that are re- 

 ferred in our arrangement to two distinct forms. 1 The Ele- 

 phantine affinities of this tooth are indicated by the absence 

 of a longitudinal line of division along the crown, and by the 

 great number of points (about eleven in each) that enter into 

 the composition of the ridges. The penultimate true molar 

 (or third of the intermediate series) is presented in situ on 

 both sides of the superb palate specimen represented by Clift 

 in PI. XXXVI. of the memoir above referred to. It is proved 

 to be the penultimate by its large dimensions, and by the 

 circumstance that part of another tooth of still larger size, 

 and inferred to be the last, is seen behind it in the jaw. The 

 same specimen is more carefully represented by figs. 3 and 3 a 

 of PI. XXX. of the ' Fauna Anticma Sivalensis.' The crown- 

 ridges are all more or less worn, and partly damaged by 

 fracture ; but enough remains to show that the tooth was 

 composed of six ridges and a hind talon. The last true molar 

 of the lower jaw is represented by fig. 5 of PI. XXX. of the 

 ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.' The crown consists of eight 

 ridges and a talon. The anterior large fang had been ab- 

 sorbed, but the portion of the crown sustained by it remains. 

 The six posterior ridges have their fang elements confluent 

 into a continuous plate or shell, thus maintaining the Ele- 

 phantine affinity indicated by the crown characters. (See 

 PI. V. figs. 1 & 2.) Taking the data furnished by these teeth, 

 the cipher 6 is seen to prevail in the two last of the interme- 

 diate molars, indicating a Hexalophodont type, or 6 + 6 + 8 

 for the ridge-formula of the true molars. 



3. Elephas (Stegodon) insignis. — The only other form among 

 the Stegodons which it is necessary to notice is that for which 

 the name of E. (Steg.) insignis has been proposed. (See PI. V. 

 figs. 3 & 4; and vol. i. PI. IV. fig. 1.) In this species the 

 crown-ridges are constructed very closely upon the model of 

 E. (Stegodon) Cliftii, the principal difference consisting in the 

 much greater mass of laminated cement that fills up the 



1 Mr. Clift, in his excellent memoir, 

 includes the Ava fossil Proboscideans 

 under two species, Mastodon latidens and 

 Mastodon Elephantoidcs. In the 'Fauna 

 Antiqua Sivalensis,' and in the synopti- 

 cal table appended to the preceding part 

 of this paper, the former name is re- 

 tained for the specimens of the Tetralo- 

 fkodon type, figured by Mr. Clift, PL 

 xxxvii. figs. 1 & 4 ; PI, xxxviii. fig. 1, and 

 PL xxxix.figs. 1, 2,& 3. Of the others, the 

 palate specimon, PL xxxvi. {Mastodon 



latidens.GWft), together with the detached 

 molar, PL xxxviii. fig. 6 {Mastodon Ele- 

 phanto'ides, Clift), are referred to E. {Ste- 

 godon) Cliftii; and the lower jaw speci- 

 men, Pi. xxxviii. fig. 2 (also M. Elephan- 

 toidcs, Clift), is referred to E. {Stegodon) 

 insignis. The specimens regarded by him 

 as of his M. Elcphanto'ides being here 

 considered to belong more properly to 

 the genus Elephas, it became necessary 

 to resort to another specific designation. 

 Hence theorigin of E. {Strgodon)in signis , 



