88 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



by the marked characters of the skull, 1 independently of the 

 strong dental distinctions. The ridge-formula for the true 

 molars in Mastodon Sivalensis is inferred to be 



5 + 5 + 6 



5 + 5 + (6— 7)' 



and when the dentition is fully made out, it is anticipated 

 that the complete ridge-formula will be nearly thus : — 



Milk molars. True molars. 



2 + 4 + 5 5 + 5+ 6 



2 + 4 + 5. 5 + 5 + (6-7). 



V. — Characters op the Loxodons. 



1. General Remarks. — The existing type of this group is the 

 African Elephant, which Fred. Cuvier, in 1835, proposed to 

 erect into a distinct genus under the name of Loxodonta, 

 having reference to the rhomb-shaped discs of wear of the 

 molar teeth. He held the opinion that, in its general form, 

 in the structure of its grinders, in the form of the head, and 

 in that of some of the external parts of the organs of sense, 

 the African differs as much from the Indian Elephant as the 

 Dog from the Hysena, the Paca from the Agouti, the Lagomys 

 from the Hare, and the Hog from the Phacochcere. 2 Besides 

 the African Elephant, the group Loxodon comprises three 

 fossil species, of which one is Indian, E. (Loxod.) planifrons, 

 from the Sewalik hills, and two European, namely, E. {Loxod.) 

 prisons and E. (Loxod.) meridionalis. 3 The essential charac- 

 ters by which the molar teeth of the Loxodons differ from 

 those of the Stegodons is that the ridges or colliculi, while 

 closely corresponding in regard of number, are considerably 

 more elevated and compressed. This is best seen when they 

 are sawn up longitudinally and vertically. The section in the 

 Stegodons exhibits a series of chevron-shaped ridges, of which 

 the height does not much exceed the base, with thick enamel 

 and assimilating closely in form to the true Mastodons ; 4 

 while in the Loxodons 5 it presents a succession of elongated 

 wedge-shaped processes, with thinner enamel, constituting 

 an intermediate stage between the former and the nearly 

 parallel thin-plated ridges of the next group, Euelephas. In 

 the technical definition of the subgenera appended to the 

 preceding part this distinction is attempted to be expressed 

 Toy the terms ' coronis complicata ' applied to the teeth of the 



1 Vide ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' j sequently discovered by Dr. Falconer, 

 PI. xxxii. (See PL x. and p. 464 of viz. E. {Loxodon) Mclitcnsis (Fale.) — Ed. 

 vol. i.— Ed.) 



2 F. Cuvier, ' Histoire Naturelle des 

 Mammif.' torn, iii., 'Elephant d'Afrique.' 



3 A third European Loxodon was sub- 



Fauna -Antiqua Sivalensis,' Illus- 

 trations, PI. ii. figs. 6 a & 6 b. 

 5 Ibid. PL ii. figs. 4a & 46. 



