92 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



Of the different teeth in the upper jaw the antepenultimate 

 upper milk molar is represented by fig. 1 of PI. XII. of the 

 ' Fauna Antiqua,' and in vertical section by fig. 1 b, showing 

 three principal ridges, with a basal ridgelet in front, and a 

 hind talon. The penultimate milk molar, of which a finely 

 preserved unfigured specimen is now before me, presents six 

 principal ridges, with a distinct front and back talon. It 

 measures 2 inches in length by 1 inch in front, and 1 inch 

 behind. The third milk molar and the antepenultimate or 

 first true molar are present in situ on both sides in another 

 palate specimen. The former exhibits the discs of six worn 

 ridges, besides a seventh ridge behind, which is enveloped by 

 cement. The first true molar is in a germ state, and presents 

 seven intact principal ridges, together with a front and back 

 talon. The penultimate true molar is seen in situ in the 

 upper jaw specimens, figs. 4 and 6 of PI. XII., presenting 

 eight main ridges. The last true molar is seen in germ, 

 intact on one side and well worn on the other, in the cra- 

 nium-specimen, figs. 1 to 4 of PI. X., with eleven ridges and 

 talons. In other cases, such as fig. 6 of PI. XII., the last 

 upper molar presents only ten ridges. 



Of the inferior molars, the antepenultimate and penultimate 

 milk teeth are seen in situ in the lower jaw fragment, fig. 10 

 of PI. XIV. F.A.S., drawn to the natural size. 1 The former 

 presents three ridges with talons, and the latter six principal 

 ridges besides talons. Another lower antepenultimate is 

 yielded by the young mandibule, figs. 7 and 7 a, of PL XII., 

 also presenting six principal ridges. The empty alveolus of 

 the small antepenultimate tooth is exhibited in the same 

 figure at b. The last milk molar, or first of the intermediate 

 series, is seen in fig. 8 of the same plate to possess seven 

 principal ridges, with a front talon. The antepenultimate or 

 first true molar is represented by fig. 10, showing also seven 

 principal ridges. The two specimens last mentioned are 

 further remarkable in showing each a premolar tooth in situ. 

 The penultimate true molar varies in presenting eight or 

 nine ridges. The specimen, fig. 8 of PL XL of the same 

 work, exhibits a penultimate, with nine ridges and a small 

 back talon. The last true molar is beautifully preserved on 

 either side in the mandibular specimen, fig. 2 of PL XL, 

 showing about eleven principal ridges. 2 Other specimens of 

 the same tooth, presenting nearly the same number of ridges, 

 are seen in the specimens fiss. 12 a,nd 13 of PL XII. 3 The 



specimens 



1 At the bottom of the plate in the 

 ' Fauna Antiqua,' the specimen is re- 

 ferred to E. Hysudricus, but this is an 

 error. — See vol. i. page 442. — [Ed.] 



2 Reproduced in PL VI. fig. 2.— [Ed.] 



3 Fig. 13 a of the same plate has no 

 connection with fig. 13. It is misplaced 

 there, and belongs to the series of illus- 

 trations of E. (EueUfhas) Hysudricus, 

 not to E. (Loxod.) plamfrons. 



