E. (loxodon) MERIDIONALIS. 109 



from my continuing, in the subsequent plates, the nomencla- 

 ture which I had adopted in the earlier ones, than if altered 

 names were partially introduced, as I intended to give a full 

 correction of the whole in the letter-press. I regret to find 

 that the delay in the publication of this correction has led to 

 a good deal of misconception and to misgiving as to the 

 validity of the species both at home and abroad. I beg leave 

 to explain now, that all the plates bearing the name of E. 

 meridionalis in the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' including the 

 outline -figures of crania in Plate XLIL, belong to E. anti- 

 ques, while those that bear the latter name belong to E. 

 (Loxodon) meridionalis. 1 In the descriptions which follow 

 they will be cited as such. 



Before entering upon the details of the British specimens 

 of E. meridionalis, I think it best to communicate the results 

 of my examination of the Tuscan collections, as the evidence 

 furnished by all parts of the skeleton is more complete and 

 abundant in them than anywhere else. 



A. Tuscan Specimens. — The Grand Ducal Museum at 

 Florence contains seven crania, or considerable portions of 

 crania, of this species. One of these, a late acquisition, is 

 attached to a mounted skeleton, the trunk part of which is 

 complete, but the extremities wanting. Another specimen 

 consists of a crushed cranium., with the lower jaw attached, 

 containing the three milk molars, more or less consolidated 

 both above and below, in situ. The first milk molar is free 

 from wear, proving that the animal must have died, if not in 

 the foetal state, at least very soon after its birth. Another 

 specimen, also of a young calf, shows both maxillaries, with 

 the palate and floor of the nasal cavity entire, the rest of the 

 cranium being wanting. The two anterior milk molars in 

 this specimen, and in the corresponding lower jaw, are worn 

 to a degree indicative of the animal having been about a year 

 old. There are five adult crania, indicating by the form of 

 the tusks both sexes. Three of those described, by Nesti, of 

 enormous size, are still extant. In another, of a very old 

 animal, the tusks are beautifully perfect. Another speci- 

 men, limited to the incisive sheaths, also shows the tusks in 

 their natural position quite perfect. There are numerous 

 lower jaws and bones of the extremities of colossal dimen- 

 sions, and an abundance of detached molars of all ages and 

 in every stage of wear. These Elephantine molars (including 

 probably both E. meridionalis and E. (Euelephas) antiquus) 

 were so common in the Val d'Arno, near Figlinie, that the 



1 This correction must be taken with the important qualification already pointed 

 out in vol. i. p. 443, note 1. — [Ed.] 



