114 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



of the last four ridges being confluent in the middle, but 

 separated laterally by a 'Dedalian' channel-niacheeris, show- 

 ing the thick unplaited laminae characteristic of the species. 

 The last molar presents from twelve to thirteen principal 

 ridges, with front and back talons. Five of these ridges are 

 worn, the rest are intact and enveloped by cement. The 

 crown is very broad ; the thick digitations have their apices 

 worn off into circular discs, exactly as in the Yal d'Arno 

 specimens, and the ridges are low relatively to the width of 

 the crown. The opposite lines of teeth converge in front. 

 The figure of this specimen, given by Cortesi, is very imper- 

 fect in execution, and inexact. Fig. 2 of the same plate, a 

 supposed representation of the lower jaw, is made up of two 

 fragments of opposite sides joined by their anterior ends, 

 and therefore highly deceptive. The tusks of this cranium 

 are of enormous dimensions, and yield an oval section with 

 diameters of 9£ by *1\ inches. Other bones of the same 

 skeleton are preserved in the Milan Collection, one of them 

 being a sacrum of immense size. 



c. Lower Milk Molars. — The antepenultimate and penulti- 

 mate milk molars, beautifully preserved, are present in a fine 

 specimen of a young lower jaw of the same age as the 

 fragment comprising the corresponding upper teeth. The 

 two fragments are considered by the authorities of the 

 Museum to be upper and lower of the same individual, and 

 they agree exactly in their mineral condition and appear- 

 ance. On the right side the antepenultimate is wanting; 

 on the left it exhibits a well-worn crown, composed of three 

 principal ridges with front and back talons. It is much 

 smaller and more compressed in front than the upper tooth, 

 and in the general form it is somewhat cusp-shaped, like the 

 corresponding tooth of the Sewalik U. (Loxod.) planifrons. 



The penultimate (or second) inferior milk molar presents 

 six principal ridges, besides a front and back talon ; the 

 three anterior ones more or less worn, the next intact. 

 Making allowance for the difference of upper and lower, the 

 tooth is exactly like the corresponding penultimate above. 

 The plates are thick, and the ridges wide apart, the vallicular 

 intervals being but imperfectly covered with cement. On 

 the right side there are about six loose unconsolidated plates 

 of the third milk molar hi the alveolar cavity ; on the left 

 side only the empty alveolus. The principal dimensions of 

 the specimen are : — 



United length of the two milk molars, 3-0 in. Length of the first, - 7 in. Length 

 of the second, 2-4 in. Width of ditto at first ridge, 0'8 in. Interval between the 

 anterior edges of the two milk molars, 1*7 in. 



The last milk molar is beautifully preserved ha an older 



