116 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



d. Lower True Molars. — The antepenultimate true molar is 

 represented by a finely preserved detached tooth of the right 

 side, having the crown and fangs complete. It presents 

 eight ridges, with the usual talons. The large undivided 

 anterior fang supports two ridges, and the anterior end bears 

 the pit of pressure against the preceding tooth, proving the 

 crown to be entire. The first four ridges are worn low, 

 exhibiting thick enamel-plates, more or less grooved or chan- 

 nelled exteriorly, and thus presenting a spurious appearance 

 of crimping, but unplaited, on the inner border. The disc 

 is but slightly expanded in the middle, and without angu- 

 larity. The last three ridges have only the tips of the 

 digitations abraded, showing very distinct rings of thick 

 enamel, free from grooving or plaiting. The ridges are all 

 well in relief from the cement, and wide apart. The fangs 

 supporting the last four ridges are confluent into a common 

 shell. The principal dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 5-5 in. Width of ditto at second ridge, 2-25 in. Width of 

 ditto at seventh ridge, 2-6 in. Height of crown at seventh ridge, 2-3 in. 



This tooth, though of larger dimensions and with a much 

 greater relative width than the last milk molar, retains the 

 same number of plates. 



The same tooth is presented in situ, in a mutilated left 

 ramus of the lower jaw, containing the last milk molar worn 

 low, and the antepenultimate true molar nearly intact. Like 

 the specimen described, the crown is composed of eight 

 principal ridges, with talons. The anterior talon and three 

 front ridges are a little worn, the others entire. The spe- 

 cimen is red and ferruginous, bike molars from the ' Crag.' 

 The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 6-4 in. Width of ditto at first ridge, 2'4 in. Height of fifth 

 ridge, 4-Q in. 



The penultimate or second true molar (fifth in antero- 

 posterior succession, and third of the ' intermediate ' molars) 

 of the lower jaw, is well shown by a detached tooth of the 

 left side, the crown and fangs of which are complete. It 

 presents nine principal ridges, followed by a smaller tenth, 

 and a talon-splent behind, so that it is open to regard it as 

 having nine main ridges, with a front and complicated rear 

 talon, or as having ten with a small talon. All the ridges 

 are more or less worn. The tooth, in all its leading cha- 

 racters, so closely resembles the others already described, 

 except in the implied condition of larger size, that it is 

 unnecessary to describe the crown in detail. The wide 

 separation of the ridges, ample width of the discs of wear, 

 thickness of the enamel-plates, and their freedom from pli- 



