E. (LOXODON) MERIDIONALS. 117 



cation, are exactly as in the other teeth. In the central 

 discs there is a tendency to an annular expansion or loop, 

 which is directed backwards. In this specimen, also, the 

 two first ridges are supported on a single fang, and the 

 posterior ridges on a shell of confluent fangs. The dimen- 

 sions are : — 



Length of crown, 7"8in. Width of ditto in front, 2-2 in. Width of ditto at the 

 seventh ridge, 3'3in. 



The same tooth is presented in numerous fragments of the 

 lower jaw, but, in most instances, more or less mutilated or 

 worn out, so as to be less adapted for a distinctive descrip- 

 tion in reference to the ridge-formula. 



Of the third or last lower true molar detached specimens 

 are numerous in the Florentine Museum, besides a quantity 

 of lower jaws containing it in situ. 



One mutilated mandibular fragment of the left ramus 

 contains the entire tooth, but not of the largest size, and 

 probably of a female. The crown presents thirteen ridges, 

 with a talon in front and a small talon behind. Of these, the 

 anterior ten ridges are more or less worn — the first three into 

 a continuous disc ; the fourth, fifth, and sixth show a tendency 

 to annular expansion (an outlying denticle) in the middle, 

 the loop of enamel being invariably appended to the posterior 

 plate of enamel. The seventh, eighth, and ninth ridges have 

 each about six distinct roundish discs, indicating the same 

 number of massive digitations, with very thick enamel. The 

 tooth contracts very much behind. In all respects the discs 

 of wear agree with those of the other teeth already described. 

 The dimensions are : — 



Extreme length of the crown, 10'25 in. Width of ditto at second ridge, 2'7 in. 

 Width at third ridge where widest, 3'3 in. Width at eighth ridge, 30 in. 



The summits of.the worn plates of enamel, in this specimen, 

 are remarkable for projecting about T V^ ns °f an hich above 

 the cement ; and, as usual (for the reason already given), the 

 salient macha^rides recline towards the talon. 



A very remarkable detached last lower molar, right side, in 

 which the grinding-surface is somewhat contorted (as de- 

 scribed of E. prisms, antea, p. 102), presents the unusual 

 number of fifteen ridges to the crown, with a complicated 

 talon. The large anterior fang and part of the first ridge are 

 broken off". The tooth is singular in this respect, that al- 

 though eleven of the ridges are worn, and the anterior ones 

 low down, none of the discs are confluent across, the crown 

 being traversed longitudinally by a deep fissure filled with 

 cement, dividing it into two unequal portions, two-thirds be- 

 longing to the inner and one-third to the outer. Throughout 



