122 BEITISn AXD ETJKOPEAN" FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. , 



2. Another very young cranial fragment, comprising both 

 maxillaries, palate, milk molars on either side, and the lower 

 jaw detached, in fine preservation. 



3. The cranium C of Nesti's description, 1 and represented 

 reversed in figs. 1 and 2 of his plate, copied in outline in 

 figs. 19 of Pis. XLH. and XLIY. of the ' Fauna Antiqua Si- 

 valensis,' under the misnomer of E. antiquus. It is nearly 

 perfect in the frontal and occipital regions, condyles, maxil- 

 laries, and molars, but imperfect in the facial portion, the 

 border of the nasal opening being broken, together with the 

 terminal portion of the incisive alveoli and the zygomatic 

 arches. Since Nesti's figures were taken, this specimen has 

 suffered considerable damage, the upper lamina of the right 

 incisive alveolus having disappeared, together with the salient 

 tip of the nasals and the lateral margin including the left 

 orbit. The last molar is present on either side, far advanced 

 in wear. (See PL 1. fig. 11, and PI. II. fig. 16.) 



4. The cranium A of Nesti's references, fig. 3, comprising 

 the palatine, maxillary, and temporal regions, the inferior 

 part of the occiput, and the zygomatic arches, the only de- 

 ficiency being in the facial region. The specimen, which is 

 highly ferruginous, has now joined on to it the entire incisive 

 sheaths (not represented in Nesti's figure) and two enormous 

 tusks, which are spread out horizontally in the Theristocau- 

 Zoc7<m-manner above noticed. Nesti, in his memoir, cites the 

 tusks of this specimen as yielding a diameter of # 26 m , or 

 10*2 inches. The last molar, much worn, is present on either 

 side. 



5. Fragments of a cranium of colossal dimensions, com- 

 prising, besides unjoined pieces, the maxillaries, palate, and 

 the last molar on either side, with the incisive bones entire, 

 and of enormous size. They form a plane, at the distal end, 

 of fully a metre in width (Nesti), or 39^ inches. The incisive 

 alveoli diverge at their extremity, and contract very con- 

 siderably upwards. This is cranium B of Nesti's references, 

 unfigured. ' The tusks in this specimen, according to Nesti, 

 are only 0*19 , or 7-| inches in diameter, and the molar is 

 11 inches long. 



6. A skull, with very old molars, and the entire incisive 

 sheaths, together with the tusks finely preserved in their 

 natural position. 



7. A cranium, mutilated as regards the incisive bones and 

 zygomatic arches, with large tusks and much- worn molars ; 

 very white in its mineral condition. 



1 Lettere sopra alcune ossa fossili del 

 Val d' Arno non per anco descritte sulla 



imova specie dell' Elefante (E. meridion- 

 alis) fossile del Val d'Arno. Pisa, 1 825-6. 





