130 BEITISH AND EUKOPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



which are only second in preservation to the Val d'Arno 

 specimens. 



In the Norwich Museum there is also a fine series of Ele- 

 phant molars from the ' Crag ' and various points of the coast 

 section, including both E. meridionalis and E. (Euelephas) 

 antiquus. The richness of the late Miss Anna Gurney's col- 

 lection in Elephant remains is well known ; and some very 

 fine specimens from the ' Crag ' are in the possession of Mr. 

 Robert Fitch, of Norwich. With a single exception, up to 

 the present time I have not seen a fragment referable to E. 

 meridionalis that has not been derived either from Norfolk or 

 Suffolk. 



a. Molars. — In the following descriptions of the teeth I do 

 not consider it necessary to follow the strict order hitherto 

 observed of upper and lower, milk and true molars, according 

 to their respective succession. I shall take the most charac- 

 teristic specimens first. 



The finest detached molar of this species that has come 

 under my observation is a specimen which was discovered in 

 the ' Mammaliferous Crag ' on the Thorpe road, near Norwich, 

 by Mr. Prestwich. The authority of so eminent and accu- 

 rate a geologist is a sufficient guarantee for the locality and 

 the formation. It is now lodged in the Museum at Norwich, 

 and is the specimen which first convinced me many years 

 ago that the ' Crag ' yielded a species of Elephant entirely 

 distinct from the Mammoth and from E. antiquus. It is re- 

 presented, one-third of the natural size, by figs. 18 and 18 a 

 of PL XIV. B., under the misnomer already explained, of Ele- 

 phas antiquus, in the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.' It is the 

 last true molar, lower jaw, right side, showing eleven prin- 

 cipal ridges, an anterior talon, and a back talon limited to a 

 single thick digitation. The first five ridges are slightly 

 worn, the rest being intact. The fangs are broken off, but 

 the definition of the anterior large fang is distinctly trace- 

 able. The cement over the surface generally has been de- 

 composed or denuded, and is replaced by a crust of Crag 

 matrix, of a very rusty appearance, filling the interspaces. 

 The anterior talon thins off from the outside inwards, and is 

 considerably narrower than the first ridge, of which the inner 

 edge is broken. The apices of the ridges, from the second to 

 the fifth inclusive, are all more or less fractured, and the digi- 

 tations present very thick enamel. The sixth, seventh, and 

 eighth ridges show each about four thick digitations ; the 

 ninth and tenth, from four to five converging ; and the ele- 

 venth, four digitations, tbe innermost of which is fractured. 

 The definition of the base of the crown behind is a little 

 damaged, but nothing is wanting. 



