134 



BEITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



The corresponding tooth, of E. (Eueleph.) antiquus and of E. 

 primigenius yields normally eight transverse plates. The 

 precise origin of the specimen is not recorded ; but it is sup- 

 posed to have belonged to Mr. Samuel Woodward, and to 

 have been derived from the Norfolk coast. 



The specimen fig. 2 and 2 a is another example of the 

 same tooth, a penultimate upper milk molar, right side, dis- 

 covered in the Norwich Crag at Easton, Suffolk, by Captain 

 Alexander. It presents six ridges, well advanced in wear. 



The dimensions are : — 



Length, 24 in. Width in front, 1-0 in. Width behind, 1-6 in. 



Figs. 3 and 3 a represent another well-worn penultimate 

 milk molar, probably of the lower (?) jaw, right side. It is 

 of a larger size than the others, but shows the same number 

 of plates, namely six, with talons. It is very broad in the 

 crown relatively to the length. The discs of the ridges are 

 very wide, like the Italian specimens. This molar belonged 

 to the collection of Mr. Samuel Woodward ; it is now in the 

 Norwich Museum. It is heavy and dark-coloured, and bears 

 fresh patches of marine incrustation, 1 and may have come 

 from the ' Oyster-bed' of Mundesley and Happisburgh. 



Figs. 4 and 4 a represent the last milk molar of the lower 

 jaw, left side. The crown is worn, and comprises eight 

 ridges. The ends and sides of the croWn are partly injured. 

 In mineral condition it is black and heavy, but free from 

 patches of marine incrustation. It is supposed by Mr. 

 Samuel Woodward to have been procured from the coast 

 (Norwich Museum). 



The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 3 - 9 in. Width of crown in front, 1/4 in. Width of crown at 

 sixth ridge, 2 - in. Height of crown at seventh ridge, 21 in. 



The ridge-formula hi these specimens yields the same 

 ciphers as were found to hold in the Italian specimens ; and 

 they agree in the other characters of a broad crown, with 

 low ridges and thick plates of enamel. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a represent a finely preserved entire specimen 

 of the antepenultimate or first true molar, lower jaw, left 



1 In this and the following descrip- 

 tions the term ' marine incrustation ' 

 means recent patches of existing Polyzoa, 

 two of which have been determined by 

 Mr. Busk to be species of Lepr alia, or of 

 other allied forms. Their presence de- 

 termines the fossils to have been dredged 

 out of the modern sea-bottom. This is 

 a point of some importance in the pre- 

 sent case, since the Mammalian con- 



tents of the ' clay-beds ' have been so 

 heedlessly regarded in the geological de- 

 scriptions of the Norfolk coast, that there 

 is hardly on record a single instance 

 of a Mammal remain precisely referred 

 to any one distinct stratum above the 

 ' Elephant-bed ' of Gunn, although the 

 fossils, in many instances, bear palpable 

 indications of the matrix in which they 

 were embedded. 



