e. (loxodon) meeidionalis. 



143 



Tn consequence of the ischial portion being broken across near the 

 rim of the acetabulum, the exact dimensions of the cavity are not de- 

 terminable, but the greatest diameter is about 9 in. 



In Mr. Gunn's collection there is also the left half of another pelvis, 

 in three fragments, of corresponding dimensions. One fragment com- 

 prises the tuberosity and a portion of the ilium ; and another, the in- 

 ferior portion of the ischium, broken off along the middle of the 

 foramen ovale. The outline of the acetabulum is better defined in this 

 specimen than in the former.] ' 



In the Florentine Museum there is an enormous scapula, 

 which has been figured by Nesti (op. cit. fig. 6), in the finest 

 state of preservation ; it yielded the following dimensions : — 



Entire length from the coracoid process to the posterior angle, measured along 

 the spine, 4 ft. Transverse diameter across the spine, 3 ft. Greatest diameter 

 of articulating surface, 1 1 in. 



The largestperfect humerus in the same collection measured: — 



Length 3 ft. 11 in. Transverse diameter of inferior articulating head, 1 ft. 1 in. 

 Girth of diameter of inferior articulating head, 2 ft. 8 in. 



These dimensions are greatly surpassed by a huge humerus 

 in the Norwich Museum, presented by Miss Anna Gurney. 

 It is stated in the ' British Fossil Mammalia ' that it was 

 found in the ' Cliff composed of interblended blue clay and 

 red gravel, near the village of Bacton, in Norfolk ; ' and the 

 following dimensions are attributed to it : — 



Entire length, 4 ft. 5 in. Circumference at the middle, 2 ft. 26 in. Circum- 

 ference at proximal end, 3 ft. 5 in. Breadth of distal end, 1 ft. 2 in. From sum- 

 mit of condyloid ridge to end of the outer condyle, 1 ft. 7 in. 



To what species this stupendous humerus belonged has not 

 been exactly determined. 



[In the collection of the Rev. John Gunn, at Irstead, is an enormous 

 left humerus of Elephas meridionalis, obtained from the Mundesley 

 Cliffs, near the Paston Hill, in 1861. It is even larger than that pre- 

 sented to the Norwich Museum by Miss Gurney. When first found 

 it was entire, but in process of removal the distal and proximal ends 

 were broken from the shaft, so that it now consists of three fragments. 

 The outer surface presents a rusty colour from mineral impregnation, 

 and is wonderfully perfect. The dimensions exceed anything to be 

 seen in the collections of Europe, with the exception of the Val d'Arno 

 specimens of the same species in the Museum at Florence. The cha- 

 racters of the species are well shown by this bone, which is short and 

 massive as compared with the Indian elephant, or E. primigenius. In 

 this respect it takes after the Tetralophodon Mastodons. 



Circumference at proximal end, 3 ft. 9 in. Circumference at distal end, 3 ft. 5 in. 

 Circumference at middle, 2 ft. 5 in.] 2 



1 The paragraphs in small type, within 

 brackets, have been put together from 

 entries in Dr. F.'s Note-Books, dated 

 June 10, 1862. The figures do not repre- 

 sent Mr. Gunn's specimen, but were 

 copied by Dr. F. from drawings in the 

 ' Ossemens Fossiles ' of Cuvier, to make 



the measurements intelligible. I am 

 informed by Mr. Gunn that the three 

 fragments comprising the second spe- 

 cimen have been put together and depo- 

 sited in the Norwich Museum. — [Ed.] 

 2 See note, p. 144.— [Ed.] 



