144 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



The largest entire femur in the collection at Florence was 

 4 feet 6 inches in length. The largest mentioned in the 

 ' British Fossil Mammalia,' p. 254, attributed to a Mam- 

 moth, is stated to have been 4 feet 1 inch long. 



[In Mr. Gunn's collection there is a colossal specimen of a right 

 femur, which shows the shaft entire, but is mutilated at either end. 

 The articular head is wanting, together with the trochanter major. It 

 is from the forest-bed south of Bacton. Its dimensions are as follows : 



Length from upper extremity where broken to lower ditto, 47 in. Girth of 

 lower extremity where broken, 36 in. Girth of shaft in middle, 20 in. Breadth 

 of shaft below the base of broken trochanter, 14 in. 



In the Norwich Museum are two other femora of the same size, but 

 incomplete — one from Happisburgh, the other from Miss Anna Gurney's 

 collection. The latter is cracked and shivered like the large Norwich 

 Museum specimen, and resembles it so much in colour and general ap- 

 pearance, that it may have been of same individual. Its exact origin 

 is not known. 



Girth of shaft, middle, 1 ft. 9 in.] ' 



The colossal scapula of Florence is matched by a pelvis in 

 the same collection, which was found entire in the Val 

 d'Arno ; it yielded the following dimensions : — 



Expanse between tuberosities of ilium, 5 ft. 9 - in. Height of pubes at sym- 

 physis, 1 ft. 9 - 5 in. Transverse diameter of pelvic arch, 1 ft. 85 in. Antero- 

 posterior diameter of acetabulum, 7 "5 in. Transverse diameter of acetabulum, 

 8 - 5 in. 



VI. Characters of Euelephas. 



1. General Remarks. — This group, regarded in a structural 

 and systematic view, is the most aberrant from the ordinary 

 Pachydermatous type of all the divisions of the Proboscidea, 

 and it is that of which the species are the most difficult to 

 discriminate. It is represented in the living state by the 

 Indian Elephant, and in the fossil state by five if not six 

 species at present known. The obvious manner in which 

 they differ from the Loxodons is, that the crown-divisions in 

 the molars are more numerous, elevated, and attenuated. 

 When the numerical values of the ridges in the successive 

 teeth are regarded as a series, it is manifest that they go on 

 augmenting by progressive increments, constituting the basis 

 of the technical term here applied to signify the character, 

 namely, an anisomerous ridge-formula, as distinguished 

 from the isomer ous formula in the Mastodons, and the hypi- 

 somerous formula of the Stegodons and Loxodons. 



We have seen that in three out of the four groups of the 

 Proboscidea already considered, each is susceptible of being 



1 The paragraph within brackets has | date at which the memoir was written, 

 been put together from entries in Dr. F.'s — [Ed.] 

 Note-Books, made subsequently to the 



