154 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



shows also twelve principal ridges, with front and back talons. 

 The dimensions of this specimen are : — 



Length of crown, 68 in. Greatest width of crown, 2 - 5 in. Greatest height of 

 ridges, 55 in. 



A lower jaw in the same collection (No. 2670) shows the 

 antepenultimate in fine preservation, presenting distinctly 

 twelve principal ridges, with talons. The dimensions are : — 

 length 6 inches, greatest width of crown 2*1 inches. As 

 compared with Sir Proby Cautley's specimen, it is of small 

 size. 



On the other hand, a perfect specimen of an upper antepe- 

 nultimate in the same Museum (No. 2803) shows fourteen 

 principal ridges, besides front and back talons. The dimen- 

 sions are : — 



Length of crown, 6 - 4 in. "Width of ditto, 2-5 in. Height at eighth ridge, 5-5 in. 



Another illustration of the same kind is furnished by the 

 polished section of an entire upper antepenultimate, No. 2871 

 of the same collection. The specimen presents fourteen 

 principal ridges, without a posterior talon. The dimensions 

 are : — 



Length of crown, 68 in. Height of ditto at the fifth ridge, 4'8 in. 



In this case, if the two anterior ridges were worn somewhat 

 lower down, they would present but a single disc, with an 

 appearance of thirteen ridges to the crown. Although the 

 last-mentioned specimens show that the number of ridges in 

 the antepenultimate sometimes ranges as high as fourteen, 

 the other instances indicate that the prevailing cipher is 12, 

 or a repetition of that of the third milk molar. 



The penultimate or second true molar is described by De 

 Blainville as being composed, in the upper jaw, of seventeen 

 ridges, and of eighteen in the lower. Owen attributes, in 

 general terms, to the penultimate from seventeen to twenty 

 ridges. Corse and Cuvier have not specially defined it. A 

 vertical section of an upper antepenultimate is represented in 

 the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' PL I. fig. 2 a, 1 composed of 

 seventeen ridges, with a reduced talon-splent behind, the 

 anterior talon being confluent with the first ridge. The di- 

 mensions are : — length of crown 8*5 inches, height of crown at 

 eighth ridge 6'2 inches. The anterior eight ridges are worn. 

 In the skull of a Malay Elephant in the Museum of the Royal 

 Asiatic Society the antepenultimate and the penultimate are 

 presented in situ, the former well worn, the latter in germ. 

 The penultimate in this case is composed of sixteen principal 

 ridges, with front and back talons. The typical specimen, 



1 Reproduced in PI. v. fig. 2, of vol. i. — [Ed.] 



